phunziro

Luntha lochita kupanga ndi machitidwe azidziwitso, zomwe ali ndi ntchito zomwe zingatheke

Luntha la kupangika lingaoneke ngati kuthekera kwa njira yopanga zinthu kuti ichite ntchito, ntchito komanso kuthana ndi mavuto amunthu komanso nzeru zake. 

Nthawi yowerengera: 7 minuti

Chilangochi chidabadwa ngati nthambi yaukadaulo wazambiri, ndi cholinga chopanga makina:

  • "Zonsezi mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu";
  • Kutha kuchita zinthu modziyimira munthawi zonsezi momwe munthu angaganize kuti ndi munthu yekhayo amene amatha kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika ndikuchita moyenera.

Pazaka zambiri, nzeru zamatsenga nthawi zambiri zidayambitsa mikangano yamafilosofi kuti ipereke mayankho pa kuthekera kwa kulowetsa munthu ndi makina ... ndizotheka? 

Pachifukwa ichi titha kuzindikira mizere iwiri yamaganizidwe:

  • Nzeru zofooka
  • Anzeru amphamvu ochita kupanga

Timalankhula za nzeru zakuya zaluso (Weak Artificial Intelligence) pomwe cholinga sichikupanga machitidwe omwe ali ndi luntha lofanana ndi la anthu. Koma machitidwe omwe amatha kuchita bwino mu ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo zovuta za anthu, monga kumasulira kwa zokha. 

M'mapulogalamuwa mapulogalamuwa, pogwira ntchito yomwe idakonzedweratu, amachita ngati ndi nkhani yanzeru, koma pazolinga zake, zilibe kanthu kuti zilidi kapena ayi. 

Chifukwa chake timalankhula za nzeru zopanda ntchito zamagetsi muzochitika zonsezo zomwe makinawo sangathe kuganiza pawokha, komabe amatha kusanja nzeru. 

Mtundu uwu wa AI umagwiritsidwa ntchito poti kumvetsetsa momwe anthu amazindikirira sikugwirizana ndi zotsatira zomaliza. 

Timalankhula za Artificial Intelligence yolimba pomwe makinawo ali ndi nzeru zakufikira sango "chida" chokha. 

Ngati itakulitsidwa bwino imadzisintha kukhala yoganiza, yokhala ndi chidziwitso chosazindikirika kuchokera kwa munthu. 

Mu malingaliro awa lingaliro ndilakuti mitundu ina yaukatswiri wochita kupanga amatha kufotokoza ndi kuthetsa mavuto monga momwe munthu angakhalire, chifukwa chake kusiyanitsa zotsatira za makinawo kapena munthu sikungakhale kosatheka.

Mawu akuti Machine Learning (kuphunzira zokha) amatanthauza gulu lazinthu zadziko lanzeru zopanga. 

Njira izi zimalola makina anzeru kuti azitha kuchita bwino komanso kuti azigwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kuphunzira mokhazikika ndi chidziwitso kuti athe kuchita ntchito zina, kukonza magwiridwe ake ntchito kwakanthawi. 

Chitsanzo ndi AlphaGo, pulogalamu yochokera Kuphunzira Makina yemwe adaphunzitsidwa ndikuwona mamiliyoni akusunthidwa opangidwa ndi osewera a Go panthawi yamasewera osiyanasiyana, ndikumakhala ndi makinawo kuti azisewera payokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kugunda zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizosewera bwino kwambiri pamasewerawa. 

Magawo atatu ophunzirira makina ndi awa:

  • Kuphunzira kuyang'aniridwa: kachitidwe kamalandira zitsanzo zolembedwa molingana ndi zomwe zimayenera kutengedwa ndipo, kuyambira pazophunzitsira izi, ziyenera kutulutsa lamulo lomwe limagwirizana ndi zilembo zolondola ndi zofunikira zilizonse;
  • Zosasankhidwa: palibe zomwe zalembedwa, ndi kachitidwe komwe, kuyambira pazowonjezera, ayenera kupeza mawonekedwe muzolemba;
  • Kuphunzitsanso kwamphamvu: Dongosolo limalandira zofunikira kuchokera kuzachilengedwe ndikuchita zomwe zikuchitika. Dongosolo limayesetsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti lilandire mphotho. Dongosololi lidzayesa kukhazikitsa zochita zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphothoyo ikhale yolingana ndi madera ozungulira.

Nkhani zatsopano
Musaphonye nkhani zofunika kwambiri zazatsopano. Lowani kuti muwalandire ndi imelo.
Il Deep Learning ndi gawo la Machine Learning, ndilo banja la njira za luntha yakupangika yolimbikitsidwa ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo: ndiko kuti, ma neural network (Artificial Neural Network). 

Zomangira izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana:

  • Mawonekedwe a Kompyuta
  • kuvomerezedwa kwamawu ndi ziyankhulo
  • kukonza kwachilengedwe
  • bioinformatics

Features wa Deep Learning poyerekeza ndi njira zina za AI:

  • Awa ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana osakhala amizere. Magawo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera kuti achite ntchito zomwe zitha kugawidwa ngati mavuto akusintha machitidwe omwe achotsedwa mu data; mulingo uliwonse umagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezazo ngati zofunikira;
  • Ma algorithms awa amagwera pagulu lotseguka lazidziwitso zophunzirira zamaphunziro mkati mwa kuphunzira makina;
  • Amapangidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yoyimira yomwe imatha kumveka ngati magawo osiyanasiyana amtundu, womwe umatha kupanga gulu la malingaliro.

Il Deep Learning imagwira ntchito mofanana ndi ubongo, makina amaphunzira okha monga mu Machine Learning, koma amazichita m'njira "yakuya" monga momwe ubongo wa munthu ungachitire. Mwakuya tikutanthauza "pamagulu angapo amalingaliro". 

Zitha kuwoneka kuti kufunikira kwakukulu kwa luso lowerengera kumatha kukhala malire, koma scalability wa Deep Learning pakuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zilipo ndi ma aligorivimu ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi Kuphunzira kwa Makina: 

  • ine sistemi di Deep Learning amapititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo pamene deta ikuwonjezeka
  • Ntchito zophunzitsira za Machine,, pomwe magwiridwe ena ake akagwiridwapo, sizingavutikenso. 
Kuphunzitsa dongosolo Deep Learning nthawi zambiri mumayika deta. 

Mwachitsanzo, pankhani yakuzindikira, meta tag "mphaka" ikhoza kuyikidwa pazithunzi zomwe zili ndi mphaka, popanda kufotokozera dongosolo momwe lingazindikirire, dongosolo lokha, kudzera m'magawo angapo olamulira, lingamale zomwe zimadziwika mphaka (paws, mchira, ubweya, ndi zina) ndi chifukwa chake kuphunzira kuzizindikira. 

Zambiri zosasindikizidwa zimatha kusanthula ndi mtundu wophunzirira mozama ukangokhazikitsidwa ndikufikira gawo lovomerezeka, koma osati gawo loyambirira la maphunziro.

Il Deep Learning lero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'madera osiyanasiyana:

  • Galimoto yopanda driver
  • ma drones ndi ma loboti omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ma parcel kapena oyang'anira mwadzidzidzi
  • kuzindikira kwa kaphatikizidwe ndi kaphatikizidwe ka malo ochezera ndi maloboti othandizira
  • mawonekedwe a nkhope pakuwunika
  • kukonzeratu
Makompyuta owonera


Kukwaniritsa zida zamakono zotsogola kwambiri, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zophunzitsira ngati:

  • migodi deta
  • analytics yayikulu
  • kuzindikira kwa mawonekedwe
  • kukonza kwachilengedwe
  • kusindikiza kwa chizindikiro

mapulogalamu opanga matekinolojewa amapangidwa omwe amayesa kutsitsa ubongo wa munthu, kuyambira pazinthu zosavuta kufikira povuta kukonza.

Chizindikiro ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kwa thupi la kachitidwe kapena kuchuluka kwakuthupi komwe kumayimira ndi kutumiza mauthenga, ndiye chidziwitso patali, chifukwa chake kusanthula kwa chizindikiro ndi gawo lomwe limathandizira kuzindikira kwanzeru.

Google Deepmind, e Baidu Minwa ndi zitsanzo zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zikupezeka lero.

Osanena za wolemba mbiri yakale IBM Watson, woyamba kugulitsa malonda wamtundu wake.

Zowerenga Zogwirizana

Ercole Palmeri

Innovation osokoneza


Nkhani zatsopano
Musaphonye nkhani zofunika kwambiri zazatsopano. Lowani kuti muwalandire ndi imelo.

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