Njira izi zimalola makina anzeru kuti azitha kuchita bwino komanso kuti azigwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kuphunzira mokhazikika ndi chidziwitso kuti athe kuchita ntchito zina, kukonza magwiridwe ake ntchito kwakanthawi.
Chitsanzo ndi AlphaGo, Mapulogalamu a Machine Learning a masewera a Go opangidwa ndi Kuzama. AlpaGo inali pulogalamu yoyamba yomwe imatha kugonjetsa mbuye waumunthu pamasewera pa ndege gomba kukula kwake (19 × 19). Pulogalamu ya AlphaGo idaphunzitsidwa powona mayendedwe mamiliyoni ambiri opangidwa ndi osewera a Go pamasewera osiyanasiyana, komanso kukhala ndi makina osewerera okha, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti athe kumenya yemwe amakhulupirira kuti ndiye wosewera wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Tiyeni tsopano tilowe m'magulu atatu akuluakulu ophunzirira makina.
Dongosolo limalandira zitsanzo zolembedwa molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Ndiko kuti, ma dataset omwe amathandizira pakuwongolera makinawa amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayimira zochitika zenizeni zopangidwa ndi zomwe zalowetsedwa "Mawonekedwe"Ndipo kuchokera ku data yotulutsa"cholinga". Potengera chitsanzo cha nkhaniyi Kodi Kuphunzira Kwamakina ndi chiyani, kumatanthauza chiyani komanso zolinga zake, Kukonzekera kwa maphunziro kunali kwa mtundu woyang'aniridwa monga momwe tinalili ndi milandu yapayokha ya misewu, pazigawo zilizonse (galimoto, njira) ndi chandamale (nthawi yoyenda) zidafotokozedwa. Ma seti a data nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri, chitsanzocho chinali chocheperako komanso chosavuta, ndi cholinga chosavuta kumvetsetsa kwa Supervised Machine Learning.
Mlandu wamtunduwu umalola kuti algorithm iphunzire mtundu wa njira ndi galimoto, yomwe ingakhale nthawi yoyenda. Pali mitundu iwiri yamavuto pakuphunzirira makina oyang'aniridwa:
Poganiziranso chitsanzo cha njira zamagalimoto, tinganene kuti ndikubwerera. Ngati cholingacho chinali kuwunika monga: kufulumira ngati kupitirira ola limodzi, kuchedwa pakati pa ola limodzi ndi awiri, mochedwa kwambiri ngati kupitirira maola awiri. Pamenepa likanakhala vuto la magulu.
Palibe deta yolembedwa, ndi dongosolo lomwe, kuyambira pazolowetsa, liyenera kupeza dongosolo mu deta. Sitikhala ndi zolinga, koma zolowa zokha. Monga ngati mu chitsanzo tinali ndi njira ndi magalimoto okha, koma osati nthawi yaulendo.
Mwanjira iyi, ma aligorivimu ayenera kuzindikira magulu poyang'ana mawonekedwe obisika mu data. Zida zazikulu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panjira yosayang'aniridwa ndi kusonkhanitsa ndi malamulo a mgwirizano.
Dongosolo limalandira zolowa kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndikuchitapo kanthu. Dongosolo limayesa kuchitapo kanthu kuti lilandire mphotho. Dongosololi lidzayesa kuchita zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa mphothoyo malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera.
Dongosolo la mphotho limakhazikitsidwa kudzera mu gawo, lotchedwa wothandizira. Wothandizira amasankha zomwe zichitike pa chilengedwe ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amalandira imodzi chithu komanso mwina chidziwitso cha momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera, monga zotsatira za zomwe zachitika.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiganizira za dongosolo loperekedwa ku masewera a chess, wothandizira ndi chigawo chomwe chimasankha kusuntha, chilengedwe ndi masewerawo. Chifukwa cha kusuntha kulikonse kopangidwa ndi wothandizirayo, momwe masewerawa amasinthira (amamveka ngati momwe zilili pano, malo a zidutswa zonse, komanso chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa wotsutsa), kulandira ndemanga ngati chidutswa cha mdani chomwe chadyedwa. cholinga ngati mphotho ya kusamuka. Mwanjira imeneyi wothandizira amaphunzira, ndikudziphunzitsa yekha.
Choncho zikuwonekeratu kuti kusankha pakati pa mitundu yophunzirira makina kumatengera nkhaniyo. Ndiko kuti, mtundu wa njira umasankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe zilipo komanso kuthekera kokhala ndi mbiri yomwe imaphatikizapo kufotokozera zochitika za munthu aliyense payekha (zolowera), komanso zotsatira (zotuluka). Chifukwa chake ndi seti yamtundu uwu, mutha kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyang'aniridwa.
Ngati, kumbali ina, mulibe mwayi wodziwa zomwe zimachokera (chandamale) choyambirira, kapena mukufuna kupeza zatsopano zomwe mukufuna, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuzindikira maulalo pakati pa zomwe zalowetsedwa kuti muzindikire zomwe sizinachitikepo. mbiriyakale, kapena kuyang'anizana ndi kuphunzira ku malo omwe amasintha ndikuchitapo kanthu. Pankhaniyi m'pofunika kusankha njira zosayang'aniridwa kapena kulimbikitsa.
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