Sustainability, Innovation uye Zvakatipoteredza: kuderedzwa kwezvinosvibisa mweya, Italy kune 2030 zvinangwa.

Italy iri munzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zve2030 zvekudzikisa kuburitswa kwezvinosvibisa mhepo, zvine mabhenefiti maererano nehutano (-50% yerufu zvichienzaniswa ne2010) uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi (33 bhiriyoni euros akachengetwa zvichienzaniswa negore rimwe chete).

Ndozvinobuda mune imwe ENEA kudzidza rakabudiswa mumagazini yesayenzi "Atmosphere", iyo yakaongorora kushanda kwemitemo uye zviyero zve mhepo yemhando, yakaunzwa neNational Air Pollution Control Programme yeBazi reEcological Transition.

Mukati memakore gumi anotevera, nematanho anofungidzirwa muChirongwa, nyika yedu ichakwanisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa emission zvakamiswa neEuropean Union yesulfur dioxide (-80% inopesana nechinangwa cheEU che71%), nitrogen oxides (-70). %, EU target 65%), PM2.5 (-42%, EU target 40%), Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (-50% EU chinangwa 46%) uye ammonia (-17% EU chinangwa 16%).

"Kuti tizadzise zvinangwa izvi, nyika yedu ichafanirwa kuita pane akati wandei, nemusanganiswa wekupindira kunosanganisira decarbonisation yekugadzira simba, kugona kwesimba munzvimbo yekugara, kupararira kwekufamba kwemagetsi uye kutorwa kwemaitiro matsva ekurima. kuderedzwa kwenitrogen emissions ”, anotsanangura Ilaria D'Elia, muongorori we ENEA Atmospheric Pollution laboratory uye munyori-mubatanidzwa wechidzidzo. "Asi iyi - anowedzera - ingori mienzaniso mishoma yematanho anofanirwa kutorwa mukuderedza zvinosvibisa mumhepo. Zvichave zvakakosha kuti zviito zvakawanda zvichaitwa ndezverudzi rwechimiro uye kwete apo neapo uye kuti zvinopa hurongwa hwechokwadi hwakabatanidzwa uye hunoenderana pakati pezvirongwa zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze, simba uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo ”.

Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwakaitwa neAgency timu,

panosvika 2030, kuderedzwa kwekubuda kwesarufa dioxide kuchafambiswa nemamwe matunhu, kunyanya chikamu chemugungwa (-89% zvichienzaniswa ne2010 tsika) uye kugadzirwa kwesimba (-59%). Kudonha kwakapinza kunotarisirwawo kuburitsa nitrogen oxide, kunyanya muchikamu chekutakura migwagwa (-74%) uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi (-46%). Pamberi pePM2.5, chikamu chinozopa mupiro mukuru kwazvo maererano nekudzikiswa kwekubuda kwemafuta ekupedzisira inhengo yehurumende (-46%) iyo icharamba ichichengetedza rekodhi yekubuda uku panosvika 2030. Ammonia inoramba iri iyo inotungamira kusvibisa. nekudzikisira kwakaderera (-9% zvichienzaniswa ne2010 kukosha), mhedzisiro yakawanikwa pamusoro pezvese nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakaderera kwemafetereza akavakirwa muurea muchikamu chekurima uye zootechnical emissions.

"Muna 2010, gore rereferensi rekutsvagisa kwedu, mepu yenitrogen dioxide yakaratidza huwandu hwepamusoro mumaguta eMilan, Turin, Roma neNaples uye munzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzePo Valley nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwehutsi kubva mukudziya kwedzimba, kurima uye kufamba kwemadhorobha uye kwekuwedzera-mudhorobha ”, inotsikirira Antonio Piersanti, mukuru weENEA Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory uye munyori-mubatanidzwa wechidzidzo ichi. "Pakazosvika 2030 - anowedzera - nekuda kwematanho akaitwa neChirongwa, chidzidzo chedu chinoona kudzikiswa kwakapararira kwekusvibiswa kwemaguta, kunyanya muguta reLombard, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kukuru kwezvikepe zvemotokari uye kuwedzera kwechikamu chemotokari dzemagetsi. " .

Pamusoro pehutano hweveruzhinji,

kugamuchirwa kwemitemo yehutano hwemhepo uye zviyero, nekupindira mune zvesimba, zvehurumende, zvekurima uye zvekufamba, zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kukuru kwekufa kunokonzerwa nehosha dzinowedzera kana kugadzirwa nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kunyanya, kudonha kwe nitrogen dioxide concentrations kunogona kukonzera kudzikiswa kwekufa kwe2010% zvichienzaniswa ne93 (793 kesi zvichienzaniswa ne11.769 inofungidzirwa mu2010), ichiteverwa nePM2.5 ne41% vashoma vafa (34.666 kesi zvichienzaniswa ne58.867 mu2010). ) uye ozone (O₃) ne36% yerufu rwakadzivirirwa (1.725 ​​kesi zvichienzaniswa ne2.692 muna 2010). "Iyo data yePM2.5 inonakidza: maererano nekufungidzira kwedu, kufa kunofanirwa kudzika kusvika pamakumi mana nemazana mana nemakumi mana nemakumi matatu evagari vemo panosvika 2030 zvichienzaniswa ne4,43 muna 10 uye kudzikisira kwakanyanya, padanho redunhu, kwaizoitika kunyanya muPo Valley uye. mumaguta eFlorence, Rome neNaples ”, anotsanangura kudaro D'Elia.

Pamberi pehupfumi, chidzidzo cheENEA chakaenzanisa 33 mabhiriyoni ema euro iyo yose yakachengetedzwa yeItaly, yakaenzana ne2% yeGDP 2010, gore rereferensi yekudzidza. Inotungamira chinzvimbo iLombardy ine 13,6 bhiriyoni euros yakachengetwa, ichiteverwa neLazio (4,4 bhiriyoni), Veneto (3,2 bhiriyoni) uye Emilia-Romagna (2,9 bhiriyoni).

Basa rakaitwa ne "MINNI" system

(National Integrated Model kutsigira Nhaurirano Yepasi Pose panyaya dzekusvibiswa kwemhepo), imwe Suite zvezvishandiso zvakagadziridzwa neENEA nemakambani Arianet neIIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) pachinzvimbo cheBazi reEcological Transition. PaMINNI, sainzi yemuchadenga yakabatana nekukanganisa kwemaitiro ekubvisa marara pahutano hwevanhu uye ecosystem uye mutengo wakabatana, kuburikidza neakasiyana akazvimirira uye akabatana zvinhu: iyo "AMS" (Atmospheric Modelling System) modhi uye " GAINS-Italy "(Greenhouse Gasi. uye Mhepo Kusvibiswa Kwekudyidzana uye Synergies Model pamusoro peItari). AMS inogadzira maawa matatu-dimensional minda yemeteorological variables uye kuunganidzwa kwezvakanyanya zvinosvibisa (NO.₂, AU₃, PM10, PM2.5, zvichingodaro) munharaunda yese yeItari ine yakachinjika gadziriso ye 4 km, vachishandisa "FARM" (Flexible Air Quality Regional Model) yekufambisa uye yemhepo chemistry modhi: iyo GAINS-Italia modhi inotsanangudza mamiriro ekubudisa pa. danho renyika neredunhu rezvese zvinosvibisa zvechinyakare uye magasi egreenhouse ane nguva yakatarisana kusvika 2050 yekuongorora kukanganiswa kwemhando yemhepo uye nemitengo yakabatana yekudzikisa / kuderedza matanho. Muchidzidzo ichi, "MINNI" yakaitwa neakazara epagore "AMS" simulations yehwaro kesi 2010 uye inofambiswa neiyo 2030 emissions yakagadzirwa neGAINS-Italy modhi mune maviri akasiyana mamiriro (2030 "NeMeasures", inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. uye 2030 "Nekuwedzera Matanho", mamiriro emutemo), kuwana HAPANA mazinga₂, PM2.5 uye O₃ pakugadzirisa kwe4 km, inoshandiswa kuongororwa kunotevera kwehutano hwehutano uye mari.

Ercole Palmeri