Mhando dzeKudzidza kweMichina

Izwi rekuti Machine Kudzidza (muchina kudzidza) rinoreva seti yemaitiro epasirese ehungwaru hwekugadzira. Kune marudzi matatu ekudzidza kwemuchina: anotariswa, asina kutariswa uye nekusimbisa kudzidza.

Iyi michina inobvumira muchina wakangwara kuti unatsiridze kugona kwayo uye kushanda kwayo nenguva, otomatiki achidzidza aine ruzivo kuti aite mamwe mabasa, achivandudza mashandiro awo nguva nenguva. 

Muenzaniso ndeuyu AlphaGo, Machine Learning software yemutambo weGo yakagadziridzwa ne Deepmind. AlpaGo yaive software yekutanga inokwanisa kukunda tenzi wemunhu mumutambo pane imwe pasi goban saizi yakajairika (19×19). Iyo AlphaGo software yakadzidziswa nekuona mamirioni emafambiro akaitwa nevatambi veGo pamusoro pemitambo yakati wandei, uye kutamba muchina ichirwisana pachayo, nemugumisiro wekuti yakakwanisa kurova iyo yaifungidzirwa kuva mutambi wepamusoro munyika yose yemutambo uyu.

Ngatinyure zvakadzama muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvekudzidza kwemichina.

Kudzidza kwakatariswa

Iyo sisitimu inogashira mienzaniso yakanyorwa maererano nezvakabuditswa zvaunoda kuwana. Kureva kuti, datasets inobatsira pakuraira muchina anoumbwa nezvinhu zvinomiririra mamiriro chaiwo anoumbwa nedata rekuisa "zvinhu” uye kubva kune yakabuda data “chinangwa". Nekureva muenzaniso wechinyorwa Chii chinonzi Machine Learning, chii chiri pamusoro uye zvinangwa zvayo, kugadzirira kwekudzidziswa kwaive kwerudzi rwakatariswa sezvo takanga tine zviitiko zvega ega nzira, kune imwe neimwe iyo chimiro (motokari, nzira) uye chinangwa (nguva yekufamba) yakatsanangurwa. Kazhinji maseti edata akanyanya kuomarara, iwo muenzaniso waive wakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya uye didactic, nechinangwa chekurerutsa kunzwisisa kweYakatariswa Muchina Kudzidza.

Mhosva yerudzi urwu inobvumira iyo algorithm kuti idzidze nguva yekufamba zvichienderana nerudzi rwenzira uye mota. Yakachengetedzwa Muchina Kudzidza inosanganisira marudzi maviri ematambudziko:

1. kudzoreredza: kana chinangwa chiine mutsauko unoramba uripo, kureva huwandu, nhamba;
2. kupatsanurwa: apo chinangwa chinogona kumiririrwa nekirasi kana chikamu.

Tichitarisa kumashure pamuenzaniso wemigwagwa mikuru, tinogona kutaura kuti uku kudzoreredza. Kana chinangwa chacho chaiva chekuongorora kwemhando: kukurumidza kana pasi peawa, inonoka pakati pe1 neawa maviri, inononoka zvikuru kana inopfuura maawa maviri. Muchiitiko ichi, raizova dambudziko remapoka.

Kudzidza kusina anotariswa

Iko hakuna data rakanyorwa, ndiyo sisitimu iyo, kutanga kubva kune zvinopinda, inofanirwa kuwana chimiro mu data. Isu hatina tarisiro, asi data rekuisa chete. Sokunge mumuenzaniso isu taingove negwara uye data yemotokari, asi kwete nguva dzekufamba.

Nenzira iyi, maalgorithms anofanirwa kuwana zvikamu nekutsvaga zvakavanzika zvimiro mu data. Zvishandiso zvikuru zvinogona kushandiswa nenzira isina kutariswa ndezvi kuunganidza and the mitemo yesangano.

Kusimbisa kudzidza

Iyo sisitimu inogamuchira kubva kunharaunda uye inoshandisa zviito. Iyo sisitimu inoedza kuita zviito kuti igamuchire mibairo. Iyo sisitimu inoedza kuita zviito zvinogonesa mubairo zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo yakapoteredza. 

Iyo mibairo system inoshandiswa kuburikidza nechikamu, chinonzi agent. Mumiririri anosarudza chiito chekuita pane zvakatipoteredza uye kubva pane izvi anogamuchira mubayiro uye zvichida ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, semugumisiro wechiito chakaitwa.

Semuenzaniso, kana tikafunga nezvehurongwa hwakatsaurirwa kumutambo wechess, mumiririri ndiye chikamu chinosarudza kufamba, zvakatipoteredza ndiwo mutambo wacho pachawo. Nekuda kwekufamba kwega kwega kunoitwa nemumiririri, mamiriro emutambo anoshanduka (anonzwisiswa semamiriro ezvinhu aripo, chinzvimbo chevacheki vese, zvakare semhedzisiro yekufamba kweanopikisa), kugamuchira mhinduro senge mupikisi weanopikisa akadyiwa, saka zvinonzwisiswa semubairo wekufamba. Nenzira iyi mumiririri anodzidza uye anozvidzidzisa.

mhedziso

Saka zviri pachena kuti sarudzo pakati pemhando dzekudzidzira muchina zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Ndiko kuti, rudzi rwemaitiro anosarudzwa pamusana pe data iripo uye mukana wekuva nenhoroondo inosanganisira tsanangudzo yemamiriro ezvinhu ega ega ega (input), uyewo mugumisiro (output). Saka nedata seti yerudzi urwu, munhu anogona kuenderera nekushandisa nzira inotariswa.

Kana, kune rimwe divi, iwe usina mukana wekuziva iyo inobuda data (chinangwa) chekutanga, kana iwe uchida kutsvaga zvitsva zvinotarirwa, saka zvinodikanwa kuti uone zvinongedzo pakati peiyo data yekuisa kuti uwane mamiriro asina kumboitika munhoroondo. , kana kutarisana nekudzidza kune nharaunda inoshanduka uye inoita. Muchiitiko ichi zvakakosha kusarudza nzira dzisina kutarisirwa kana kusimbisa.

Ercole Palmeri: Innovation yakapindwa muropa