Woyang'anira antitrust ku UK akukweza alamu ya BigTech pa GenAI

Bungwe la UK CMA lapereka chenjezo lokhudza machitidwe a Big Tech pamsika wanzeru zopangira.

CMA "Competition and Markets Authority" ndi oyang'anira mpikisano ku United Kingdom.

CEO Sarah Cardel adawonetsa "nkhawa zenizeni" za momwe gawoli likukulirakulira.

Nthawi yowerengera: 6 minuti

Chithunzi cha CMA

Mu sinthani chikalata pamitundu yofunikira yanzeru zopangira zosindikizidwa pa Epulo 11, 2024, CMA anachenjeza za kukula kwa kulumikizana ndi kukhazikika pakati pa omwe akutukula mu gawo laukadaulo lamakono lomwe limayambitsa zida zopangira za AI.

Chikalata cha CMA ikuwonetsa kupezeka kobwerezabwereza kwa Google, Amazon, Microsoft, pambuyo e apulo (aka Gamma) pamagulu onse opanga zinthuluntha lochita kupanga: Kukonza, Data, Kukula kwa Zitsanzo, Mgwirizano, Kutulutsa ndi Kugawa. Ndipo ngakhale woyang'anira adawonetsanso kuti amazindikira kuti mgwirizano wa mgwirizano "ukhoza kuchita nawo mpikisano wokhudzana ndi zamakono zamakono", adaphatikiza izi ndi chenjezo lakuti "mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi makampani ophatikizana" angayambitse ngozi ku mpikisano womwe umatsutsana ndi kutsegulidwa kwa misika.

"Tikuda nkhawa kuti gawoli likukula m'njira yomwe ingawononge zotsatirapo za msika," CMA inalemba, ponena za mtundu wa nzeru zopanga kupanga zomwe zimapangidwa ndi deta yambiri ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana. za mapulogalamu.

"Makamaka, kukwera kwachulukidwe kwamakampani ochepa kwambiri aukadaulo, omwe ali kale ndi mphamvu pamsika m'misika yambiri ya digito, kungakhudze kwambiri misika kuti iwononge chilungamo, mpikisano wachilungamo, ndikuvulaza mabizinesi ndi ogula. , mwachitsanzo pochepetsa kusankha, khalidwe ndi kuonjezera mitengo,” anachenjeza motero.

Ndemanga ya CMA yam'mbuyo

Mwezi watha wa Meyi (2023) CMA idayamba kuunikanso msika wamtundu wapamwamba wa AI ndipo idapitilira kufalitsa mfundo za "udindo" wakukula kwa AI.

Chikalata chosinthika chikuwonetsa mayendedwe odabwitsa akusintha pamsika. Mwachitsanzo, adanena a kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi UK Internet regulator, Ofcom, omwe adapeza kuti 31% ya akuluakulu ndi 79% a zaka 13-17 ku UK agwiritsa ntchito chida cha AI chopangira, monga Chezani ndi GPT, Snapchat AI yanga kapena Bing Chat (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Copilot). Choncho pali zizindikiro kuti CMA ikuwunikanso malo ake oyamba pamsika wa GenAI.

Zolemba zake zosinthidwa zimatchula "ziwopsezo zazikulu zitatu zolumikizidwa ku mpikisano wachilungamo, wogwira ntchito komanso wotseguka":

• Makampani omwe amayang'anira "zothandizira zofunikira" pakupanga zitsanzo zofunikira (zotchedwa artificial intelligence models), zomwe zingawalole kuchepetsa mwayi wopeza ndikumanga chotchinga motsutsana ndi mpikisano;
• Kuthekera kwa zimphona zaukadaulo kukulitsa malo otsogola m'misika yomwe ikuyang'ana ogula kapena mabizinesi kuti asokoneze kusankha kwa ntchito za GenAI ndikuchepetsa mpikisano pakutumiza zida izi;
• mayanjano okhudza osewera ofunika, omwe CMA imati "atha kukulitsa malo omwe alipo amphamvu pamsika pamtengo wamtengo wapatali".

Kodi CMA ilowererapo bwanji kumapeto kwa msika wa AI?

Ilibe njira zodziwikiratu kuti zilengeze, koma Cardell adati ikuyang'anitsitsa mgwirizano wa GAMMA, ndikuwonjezera ntchito yake yowunikiranso mgwirizano wamakampani, kuti awone ngati zina mwazochitazi sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo omwe alipo.

Izi zitha kutsegulira mphamvu zofufuzira komanso kuthekera koletsa kulumikizana komwe kumawoneka ngati kosagwirizana ndi mpikisano. Koma pakali pano CMA sizinafike mpaka pano, ngakhale pali nkhawa zomveka bwino zokhudzana ndi maubwenzi apamtima a GAMMA GenAI. Kuwunikidwa kwa kugwirizana kwapakati OpenAI e Microsoft , mwachitsanzo, kuti muwone ngati mgwirizano uli "mgwirizano woyenera."

"Zina mwazochitazi ndizovuta komanso zowoneka bwino, kutanthauza kuti sitingakhale ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti tiwunikire bwino kuphatikiza uku." "Zitha kukhala kuti zina zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo ophatikizana zimakhala zovuta, ngakhale zitakhala defizovuta zomwe sizingathetsedwe pophatikizana. Ayeneranso kuti adapangidwa kuti ayesetse kupewa kuunika mozama kwa malamulo ophatikiza. Momwemonso, mapangano ena sangabweretse nkhawa za mpikisano. "

"Mwa kulimbikitsa kuwunika kwathu kuphatikizika, tikuyembekeza kumveketsa bwino za mitundu yanji ya maubwenzi ndi makonzedwe omwe angagwe pansi pa malamulo ophatikizira komanso momwe mikangano ingakhudzire mpikisano - ndipo kumveka kumeneku kudzapindulitsanso mabizinesi okha," adawonjezera. .

Zowonetsa

Lipoti la kusintha kwa CMA defiamachotsa "zinthu zowonetsera", zomwe malinga ndi Cardell zingayambitse nkhawa komanso chidwi chachikulu pa maubwenzi a FM, monga mphamvu zakumtunda za mabwenzi, poyerekeza ndi zolowetsa za AI; ndi mphamvu kunsi kwa mtsinje, pa njira zogawa. Inanenanso kuti woyang'anira adzayang'anitsitsa bwino chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano ndi mlingo wa "chikoka ndi kulimbikitsana" pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito.

Pakadali pano, woyang'anira ku UK akulimbikitsa zimphona za AI kuti zitsatire mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri zachitukuko zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa m'dzinja lathali kuti zitsogolere chitukuko chamsika kumayendedwe oyenera pomwe mpikisano ndi chitetezo cha ogula zikuyenera. kupeza, kusiyanasiyana, kusankha, kusinthasintha, chilungamo ndi kuwonekera).

"Ndife odzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe tapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zalamulo zomwe tili nazo - tsopano ndi mtsogolo - kuti tiwonetsetse kuti teknoloji yosinthika ndi yofunikira kwambiri ikwaniritsa lonjezo," adatero Cardell m'mawu ake.

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Ercole Palmeri