Chitetezo cha IT: momwe mungadzitetezere ku Excel macro virus

Excel Macro Security imateteza kompyuta yanu ku ma virus omwe amatha kutumizidwa ku kompyuta yanu kudzera pa Excel macros.

Chitetezo cha Macro chinasintha kwambiri pakati pa Excel 2003 ndi Excel 2007.

M'nkhaniyi tiwona limodzi momwe mungadzitetezere ku zovuta zomwe zingachitike ku Excel macro.

Kodi macro attack ndi chiyani

Kuukira kwakukulu ndi mlandu wa jakisoni woyipa, script-based attack yomwe imabwera ngati malangizo a macro mkati mwa fayilo yowoneka ngati yotetezeka. Ma hackers amachita izi poyika pulogalamu yotsitsa pulogalamu yaumbanda (nthawi zambiri) muzolemba zomwe zimathandizira ma macros. Kugwiritsa ntchito koyipa kwa macros zazikidwa pa kufooka kwaumunthu kwa umbuli ndi kusasamala . Pali zinthu zingapo zowononga zazikulu zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala owopsa kwambiri. Komabe, palinso njira zothetsera mavutowa.

Macros ndi chiyani?

Macros ndi malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri kusinthiratu njira zachizoloŵezi ndikukulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi. 

Pali ntchito zambiri zomwe mungathe kuchita pa data mu Excel. Mwa kupanga ndi kuyendetsa macro, mutha tchulani mndandanda wa malamulo kufotokoza ndondomeko yomwe imabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza ndikuchita mosavutikira, kupulumutsa nthawi yambiri. Macros amakulolani kuti muwongolere zinthu zakunja kuti mufufuze zambiri za mafayilo ena pakompyuta yanu kapena ngakhale kupeza maukonde kutsitsa zinthu kuchokera ku maseva akutali.

Bwerani funziona il Macro Virus ?

Njira yosavuta yochitira kuukira kwakukulu ndikuyika script yotsitsa mufayilo yowoneka ngati yopanda vuto. Kubera kwamakono kumakonda ndikuberani zambiri kuti muwagulitse, sungani deta yanu pereka dipo o tsatirani malingaliro anu m'njira zina zopindulitsa. Zochitika zonsezi zimaphatikizapo jekeseni wa mapulogalamu akunja mu dongosolo. Ndipo ma macros ndi abwino pa izi.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kuukira kwakukulu kukhala koopsa kwambiri?

Kuukira kwa macro ndizovuta kwa magulu achitetezo, chifukwa ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzitsata komanso zovuta kuziletsa kuti zisafalikire.

• Zosavuta kufalitsa. Macros amagwira ntchito pamakina osiyanasiyana. Akatera pagalimoto, amatha kufalikira chimodzimodzi ma virus apakompyuta ndi nyongolotsi za pa intaneti. Macro imatha kukhala ndi malamulo osinthira mafayilo ena ngakhale ma templates amafayilo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti fayilo iliyonse yomwe idapangidwa pamakina omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ikhale yowopsa. Mwachitsanzo, ma macros amathanso kukhazikitsa intaneti kuti afalitse mafayilo oyipa kudzera pa imelo.
• Ikhoza kukhala yopanda fayilo. Malefactors amatha kulemba ma macros kuti asawonekere kuti alipo pa hard drive ya kompyuta kapena chipangizo china chilichonse chosungira. Zimapangitsa kuwukira kwa macro kukhala chitsanzo chenicheni cha kuwukira kopanda fayilo komwe nambala yake imapezeka mu RAM, osati pamakina ovutitsidwa (monga fayilo kapena mwanjira ina iliyonse).
• Zosavuta kubisa. Pali ma algorithms ambiri a obfuscating macro code. Obfuscation sikolemba, ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri, komanso yokwanira kuti malembawo asawerengedwe kwa katswiri waumunthu kapena kuwasandutsa chisokonezo asanadziwe ngati macros omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oipa.

Pamene wosuta ali pachiwopsezo

Kuukira kwa Macro kumagwiritsa ntchito chiopsezo chowopsa kwambiri pachitetezo cha cybersecurity: wogwiritsa ntchito anthu. Kusadziwa makompyuta komanso kusasamala kumapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala a zosavuta chandamale kwa hackers ndi kulola zigawenga kuyembekezera kuti wosuta aphedwa pa katundu wawo wanjiru. Zigawenga ziyenera kunyenga ogwiritsa ntchito kawiri : choyamba kuwapanga kutsitsa fayilo yokhala ndi ma macros kenako kuwatsimikizira kuti alole ma macros ayendetse. Pali zidule zosiyanasiyana zomwe obera angagwiritse ntchito, koma ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kampeni yofalitsa zachinyengo komanso pulogalamu yaumbanda.

Chitetezo cha Macro m'mitundu yamakono ya Excel (2007 ndi mtsogolo):

Ngati mukufuna kuyendetsa ma macros m'mitundu yaposachedwa ya Excel, muyenera kusunga fayilo ya Excel ngati buku lothandizira kwambiri. Excel imazindikira mabuku ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndi .xlsm file extension (m'malo mwa .xlsx extension).

Chifukwa chake, ngati muwonjezera macro ku bukhu lokhazikika la Excel ndipo mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito macro nthawi iliyonse mukapeza bukhu lantchito, muyenera kulisunga ndi .xlsm extension.

Kuti muchite izi, sankhani Sungani Monga kuchokera ku tabu ya "Fayilo" ya riboni ya Excel. Excel idzawonetsa chophimba cha "Save As" kapena bokosi la "Save As".

Khazikitsani mtundu wa fayilo ku "Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook" ndikudina batani Salva .

Zowonjezera mafayilo osiyanasiyana a Excel zimamveka bwino ngati bukhu lantchito lili ndi macros, kotero izi zokha ndi njira yothandiza yotetezera. Komabe, Excel imaperekanso zosintha zachitetezo cha macro, zomwe zitha kuwongoleredwa kudzera pazosankha.

Macro Security Zokonda

Zokonda zinayi zachitetezo cha macro:

• "Letsani ma macros onse popanda chidziwitso": Kukonzekera uku sikulola ma macros aliwonse kuthamanga. Mukatsegula bukhu latsopano la Excel, simukuchenjezedwa kuti lili ndi macros, kotero simungadziwe kuti ndichifukwa chake bukhu lantchito silikugwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera.
• "Letsani ma macros onse ndi zidziwitso": Kukonzekera uku kumalepheretsa ma macros kuthamanga. Komabe, ngati pali ma macros mu bukhu lantchito, zenera la pop-up lidzakuchenjezani kuti ma macros alipo ndipo adayimitsidwa. Mutha kusankha kuloleza ma macros mkati mwa bukhu lamakono ngati mukufuna.
• "Letsani ma macros onse kupatula osainidwa ndi digito": Zosintha izi zimangolola ma macros ochokera ku magwero odalirika kuti ayendetse. Ma macro ena onse samathamanga. Mukatsegula bukhu latsopano la Excel, simukuchenjezedwa kuti lili ndi macros, kotero simungadziwe kuti ndichifukwa chake bukhu lantchito silikugwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera.
• "Yambitsani ma macros onse": Izi zimalola kuti ma macros onse aziyenda. Mukatsegula buku latsopano la Excel, simukuchenjezedwa kuti lili ndi macros, ndipo mwina simukudziwa za macros omwe akuyenda pomwe fayiloyo ili yotseguka.

Mukasankha makonda achiwiri, "Letsani ma macros onse ndi zidziwitso", Mukatsegula buku lantchito lomwe lili ndi macros, mumapatsidwa mwayi wolola macros kuti ayendetse. Izi zikuperekedwa kwa inu mu gulu lachikasu pamwamba pa spreadsheet, monga momwe zilili pansipa:

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kungodina batani ili ngati mukufuna kulola ma macros kuthamanga.

Pezani zoikamo zachitetezo chachikulu cha Excel

Ngati mukufuna kuwona kapena kusintha mawonekedwe achitetezo a Excel mumitundu yakale ya Excel:

• Mu Excel 2007: Sankhani menyu yayikulu ya Excel (posankha logo ya Excel kumanzere kumanzere kwa spreadsheet) ndipo, pansi kumanja kwa menyu iyi, sankhani. Zosankha za Excel kuwonetsa bokosi la "Excel Options"; Kuchokera pa bokosi la "Excel Options", sankhani njirayo Chitetezo Center ndipo, kuchokera pa izi, dinani batani Zokonda pa Trust Center… ; Kuchokera njira Zokonda za Macro , sankhani imodzi mwazokonda ndikudina OK .
• Mu Excel 2010 kapena mtsogolo: Sankhani tabu file ndikusankha pa izi Mungasankhe kuwonetsa bokosi la "Excel Options"; Kuchokera pa bokosi la "Excel Options", sankhani njirayo Chitetezo Center ndipo, kuchokera pa izi, dinani batani Zokonda pa Trust Center… ; Kuchokera njira Zokonda za Macro , sankhani imodzi mwazokonda ndikudina OK .

Zindikirani: Mukasintha mawonekedwe achitetezo a Excel macro, muyenera kutseka ndikuyambitsanso Excel kuti makonzedwe atsopanowo ayambe kugwira ntchito.

Malo odalirika m'mitundu yamakono ya Excel

Mawonekedwe amakono a Excel amakulolani kutero definish malo odalirika, mwachitsanzo, zikwatu pakompyuta yanu zomwe Excel "imakhulupirira". Chifukwa chake, Excel imasiya macheke anthawi zonse akamatsegula mafayilo osungidwa m'malo awa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati fayilo ya Excel itayikidwa pamalo odalirika, ma macros mu fayiloyi adzathandizidwa, mosasamala kanthu zachitetezo chachikulu.

Microsoft ili ndi defined njira zodalirika kaledefinites, zolembedwa pazosankha Njira zodalirika mu buku lanu la Excel. Mutha kuyipeza kudzera m'njira zotsatirazi:

• Mu Excel 2007: Sankhani menyu yayikulu ya Excel (posankha logo ya Excel kumanzere kumanzere kwa spreadsheet) ndipo, pansi kumanja kwa menyu iyi, sankhani Zosankha za Excel; Kuchokera pa bokosi la "Excel Options" lomwe likuwonekera, sankhani njirayo Chitetezo Center ndipo, kuchokera pa izi, dinani batani Zokonda pa Trust Center… ; Sankhani njira Malo odalirika kuchokera ku menyu kumanzere.
• Mu Excel 2010 kapena mtsogolo: Sankhani Fayilo tabu ndipo kuchokera apa sankhani Zosankha;
  Kuchokera pa bokosi la "Excel Options" lomwe limatsegula, sankhani njira ya Trust Center ndipo kuchokera apa, dinani pa Trust Center Settings ... batani;
  Sankhani njira ya Malo Odalirika kuchokera kumanzere kumanzere.

Ngati mukufuna defisungani malo anu odalirika, mutha kuchita motere:

• Kuchokera njira Malo odalirika , dinani batani Onjezani malo atsopano… ;
• Pezani chikwatu chomwe mukufuna kukhulupirira ndikudina OK .

Chisamaliro: Sitikulimbikitsa kuyika mbali zazikulu zagalimoto, monga chikwatu chonse cha "My Documents", pamalo odalirika, chifukwa izi zimakuyikani pachiwopsezo chololeza ma macros kuchokera kumagwero osadalirika.

Ercole Palmeri