Chii chinonzi Software Testing, zvinorevei kuyedza software

Kuongororwa kweSoftware seti yemaitiro ekuferefeta, kuongorora, uye kuona kukwana uye kunaka kwesoftware yakanyorerwa makomputa. Inovimbisa kutevedza kwechigadzirwa chesoftware zvine chekuita nekutonga, bhizinesi, tekinoroji, inoshanda uye mushandisi zvinodiwa.

Kuedzwa kweSoftware, kana kuedzwa kwesoftware, inozivikanwawo sekuyedzwa kwekushandisa.

Kuyedzwa kweSoftware inonyanya kuita hombe inogadzirwa nemaitiro akati wandei akabatana. Chinangwa chikuru chekuongorora software ndechekuyera kutendeseka kwesoftware pamwe nekuzara kwayo maererano nezvinodiwa zvakakosha. Kuongorora kweSoftware kunosanganisira kuongorora uye kuyedza software kuburikidza neakasiyana maitiro ekuyedza. Zvinangwa zvezvirongwa izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

Kusimbiswa kwesoftware kuzara inopesana nekushanda / bhizinesi zvinodiwa
Kuziva tsikidzi / zvikanganiso zvehunyanzvi uye kuona kuti software haina kukanganisa
Kuongororwa kwekushandisa, kuita, chengetedzo, kugarisana, kuenderana uye kuisirwa
Yakaedzwa software inofanirwa kupasa bvunzo dzese kuti dzikwane kana kukodzera kushandiswa. Mamwe emhando dzakasiyana dzenzira dzekuyedza software dzinosanganisira chena bhokisi kuyedzwa, dema bhokisi kuyedzwa, uye grey bhokisi kuyedzwa. Uyezve, software inogona kuyedzwa sese, muzvikamu / mayuniti kana mukati meiyo mhenyu system.

Black Bhokisi Kuedza

Black Box Testing inzira yekuyedza software inotarisa pakuongorora mashandiro esoftware, zvine chekuita nekushanda kwemukati kwehurongwa. Black Box Testing yakagadziridzwa senzira yekuongorora zvinodiwa nevatengi, zvakatemwa uye nepamusoro-nhanho dhizaini maitiro.

A Black Box Testing tester anosarudza seti yeanoshanda uye isiriyo kodhi kuuraya uye mamiriro ekuisa uye cheki yemhinduro dzakabuda.

Black Box Testing inozivikanwawo sekushanda kwekuyedza kana kuvharwa kwebhokisi kuyedzwa.

Injini yekutsvaga muenzaniso wakapfava wechishandiso chiri pasi pekuyedzwa kwebhokisi dema. Mushandisi weinjini yekutsvaga anopinza mavara mubhara yekutsvaga yewebhu browser. Injini yekutsvaga inobva yawana uye inotora data remushandisi mhinduro (zvakabuda).

Zvakanakira zveBlack Box Testing zvinosanganisira:

• Kureruka: Inofambisa kuyedzwa kwemapurojekiti epamusoro-soro uye mashandisirwo akaomarara
• Chengetedza zviwanikwa: Ma testers anotarisa pakushanda kwesoftware.
• Mhosva dzeMedzo: Tarisa pane kushanda kwesoftware kuti ufambise kukurumidza kukura kwemakesi ebvunzo.
• Inopa kuchinjika: Hapana chaiyo programming ruzivo inodiwa.

Black Box Testing inewo zvimwe zvisingabatsiri, sezvinotevera:

• Test kesi/script dhizaini uye kugadzirisa kunogona kunetsa nekuti Black Bhokisi Maturusi ekuyera anoenderana neanozivikanwa mapimendi.
• Kudyidzana neiyo graphical mushandisi interface (GUI) inogona kukanganisa bvunzo zvinyorwa.
• Iwo maedzo ane chekuita chete nemashandiro ekushandisa.

White Bhokisi Kuedzwa

Munguva yekuyedzwa kwebhokisi-chena, kodhi inomhanya neyakafanosarudzwa yekuisa kukosha kuti isimbise iyo yakafanosarudzwa inobuda kukosha. White-box test inowanzobatanidza kunyora stub code (chidimbu chekodhi chinoshandiswa kutsiva chimwe chinhu. Stub inogona kutevedzera maitiro ekodhe iripo, senge nzira pamuchina uri kure.) uyewo vatyairi.

Zvakanakira zvewhite-box test zvinosanganisira:

• Inogonesa kushandiswa zvakare kwemakesi ebvunzo uye inopa kugadzikana kwakanyanya
• Inofambisa kodhi optimization
• Inobatsira kuwana nzvimbo dzezvikanganiso zvakavanzika mumatanho ekutanga ebudiriro
• Inobatsira kuyedza application inoshanda
• Bvisa mitsetse isina kufanira yekodhi

Zvakaipa zvinosanganisira:

• Inoda muongorori ane ruzivo ane ruzivo rwemukati mechimiro
• Zvinotora nguva
• High cost
• Bit-of-code kusimbiswa kwakaoma.
• White-bhokisi kuyedzwa kunosanganisira kuyedzwa kweyuniti, kusanganisa kuyedzwa, uye kudzora bvunzo.

Unit Test

A Unit Test chikamu cheSoftware Development Life Cycle (SDLC) umo yakazara bvunzo maitiro inoiswa yega kune zvidiki zvikamu zvesoftware chirongwa chekukodzera kana maitiro anodiwa.

Chiyero cheyuniti chiyero chemhando uye maitiro ekuongorora anoshandiswa mune mazhinji mabhizinesi ekuvandudza software zviitiko. Kazhinji, bvunzo yeyuniti inoongorora kuti iyo software kodhi inoenderana sei nesese chinangwa chesoftware/application/chirongwa uye kuti kukodzera kwayo kunobata sei mamwe madiki mayuniti. Mayedzo eyuniti anogona kuitwa nemaoko - nemumwe kana vanopfuura vanogadzira - kana kuburikidza ne automated software solution.

Panguva yekuyedzwa, imwe neimwe unit inoparadzaniswa kubva kune huru chirongwa kana interface. Mayedzo eyuniti anowanzo kuitwa mushure mekuvandudzwa uye kusati kwatumirwa, nekudaro kufambisa kubatanidzwa uye nekutanga kuona dambudziko. Saizi kana chiyero cheyuniti inosiyana zvichienderana nemutauro wechirongwa, software application, uye bvunzo zvinangwa.

Kushanda bvunzo

Kushanda kuyedzwa inzira yekuyedza inoshandiswa mukati mekuvandudza software uko software inoedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoenderana nezvose zvinodiwa. Iyo inzira yekutarisa software kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ine zvese zvinodiwa mashandiro anotsanangurwa mukushanda kwayo zvinodiwa.

Kushanda kuyedzwa kunonyanya kushandiswa kuona kuti chidimbu chesoftware chinopa zvakafanana zvinobuda sezvinodiwa nemushandisi wekupedzisira kana bhizinesi. Kazhinji, kuyedza kunoshanda kunosanganisira kuongorora uye kuenzanisa yega yega software inopesana nezvinodiwa nebhizinesi. Iyo software inoyedzwa nekuipa imwe inopindirana yekupinza kuitira kuti inobuda iongororwe kuti ione kuti inoenderana sei, ine chekuita nayo, kana kusiyana kubva kune yayo yakakosha zvinodiwa. Uyezve, bvunzo dzinoshanda dzinotarisawo kushandiswa kwesoftware, semuenzaniso kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabasa ekufambisa anoshanda sezvinodiwa.

Regression test

Regression test imhando yekuyedza software inoshandiswa kuona kana matambudziko matsva ari mhedzisiro yesoftware shanduko.

Usati waisa shanduko, chirongwa chinoedzwa. Mushure mekuchinja kwaitwa, chirongwa chinodzokororwa munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa kuti zvione kana shanduko yakagadzira tsikidzi nyowani kana matambudziko, kana kuti shanduko chaiyo yakazadzisa chinangwa chayo.

Kudzokororwa kuyedzwa kwakakosha kune makuru masoftware maapplication, sezvo kazhinji zvakaoma kuziva kana kuchinja chimwe chikamu chedambudziko kwakagadzira dambudziko idzva kune rakasiyana chikamu chekushandisa. Semuenzaniso, shanduko kune fomu rechikwereti rechikwereti rebhangi rinogona kukonzera kukundikana kweshumo remwedzi wekutengesa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, matambudziko angaita seasina hukama, asi anogona kunge ari chikonzero chekuvhiringidzika pakati pevagadziri veapp.

Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kudzokororwa kuyedzwa anosanganisira kuona kana dzimwe shanduko dzichizadzisa chinangwa chakagadzwa kana kuyedzwa njodzi itsva dzine chekuita nenyaya dzinomukazve mushure menguva isina nyaya.

Yemazuva ano kudzokororwa kuyedzwa kunonyanya kubatwa kuburikidza neakasarudzika ekutengesa maturusi ekuyedza anotora snapshots eiyo iripo software inozoenzaniswa mushure mekushandisa shanduko chaiyo. Zvinenge zvisingaite kuti vaedzi vevanhu vaite mabasa mamwe chete nemazvo seautomated software testers. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nemapurogiramu makuru uye akaomarara esoftware mukati menzvimbo dzakakura dzeIT dzakadai semabhangi, zvipatara, makambani ekugadzira uye vatengesi vakuru.

Kushungurudzika Kwayedza

Kunetseka kwekunetseka kunoreva kuyedza software kana Hardware kuona kana kuita kwayo kunogutsa pasi pemamiriro akanyanya uye asina kunaka, ayo anogona kuitika nekuda kwekuremerwa netiweki traffic, process loading, underclocking, overclocking, uye peak kushandiswa zvinoda zviwanikwa.

Mazhinji masisitimu anogadzirwa achitora akajairwa maitiro ekushanda. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe kana muganho ukapfuudzwa, zvikanganiso hazvina basa kana sisitimu yakaedzwa panguva yekuvandudza.

Stress test inoshandiswa mumamiriro anotevera:

• Software: Kunetsekana kuyedzwa kunosimbisa kuwanikwa uye kukanganisa kubata pasi pemitoro inorema zvakanyanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti software haisi kuparara nekuda kwekusakwana zviwanikwa. Kuongororwa kweSoftware kunetseka kunotarisa pane zvakatarwa kutengeserana kubvisa kutengeserana, izvo zvinonyanya kusimbiswa panguva yekuyedzwa, kunyangwe kana dhatabhesi isina kurodha. Iyo yekushushikana yekuyedza maitiro inoremedza vashandisi vakafanana kupfuura yakajairwa system mazinga kuti vawane iyo isina kusimba chinongedzo muhurongwa.
• Hardware: Stress bvunzo inovimbisa kugadzikana munzvimbo dzakajairika komputa.
• Mawebhusaiti: Kushushikana bvunzo kunotaridza miganhu yechero saiti kushanda.
• CPU: Shanduko dzakaita sekuwandisa, kuvharika, kuvhara pasi, uye kuvharika kunotariswa kuti vaone kana vachikwanisa kutakura mitoro inorema nekumhanyisa chirongwa cheCPU-yakanyanya kuyedza kuputsika kwehurongwa kana chando. CPU stress test inozivikanwawo seyekutambudza bvunzo.

Otomatiki Miedzo

Kuedza otomatiki (software test otomatiki) inzira yekuyedza kodhi iyo inoshandisa yakakosha maturusi esoftware anomhanyisa bvunzo otomatiki obva aenzanisa chaiwo mhinduro nemhedzisiro inotarisirwa.

Kuzviedza otomatiki kunoita basa rakakosha muKuenderera Kunoendesa (CD), Kuenderera Kubatanidza (CI), DevOps, uye DevSecOps. Mabhenefiti makuru ekuyedzwa otomatiki anosanganisira:

• Kuedza otomatiki kunochengetedza vanogadzira nguva nemari nekuita kuti maitiro ekuyedza ashande.
• Otomatiki bvunzo dzinoona zvikanganiso zvakanyanya kupfuura bvunzo dzemaoko.
• Kana bvunzo dzichiitwa otomatiki, akawanda maturusi ekuyedza anogona kuitwa anoenderana.

Mukuvandudza software, zvinonyanya kubatsira kuita otomatiki bvunzo panguva yekuvaka maitiro kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti application haina zvikanganiso zvekuvaka uye inoita basa rayo.

Kutora nguva ye automate software yekuongorora kunozopedzisira yachengetedza vanogadzira nguva nekudzikisa njodzi yekuti shanduko yekodhi ichapwanya mashandiro aripo.

Kuedzwa inhanho yakakosha zvikuru mukugadzirisa. Inova nechokwadi chekuti mabhugi ese akagadziriswa uye kuti chigadzirwa, software kana Hardware, inoita sezvakarongwa kana padyo nekuita kwechinangwa sezvinobvira. Kuedza otomatiki, pane kuyedza nemanyorero, kwakakosha kuti ugare uchiunza inodhura-inoshanda software inosangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi nenguva ine hurema hudiki.

Mhando dze otomatiki bvunzo dzinoshandiswa mukuvandudza software

• Muedzo weyuniti: Edza chirongwa chimwe chepasi-pasi munzvimbo yakasarudzika usati waona kubatanidzwa kwayo nemamwe mayuniti.
• Kubatanidza Kuyedzwa: bvunzo dzeyuniti uye zvimwe zvikamu zvekushandisa zvinoedzwa sechinhu chakasanganiswa.
• Miedzo inoshanda: Tarisa kana software system ichiita sezvainofanirwa kuita.
• Performance Testing: Ongorora kusimba kwechishandiso pasi pemitoro yepamusoro-kupfuura-inotarisirwa. Miedzo yekushanda kazhinji inoratidza mabhodhoro.
• Muedzo weSmoke: Inotarisa kana chivakwa chakagadzikana zvakakwana kuti chienderere mberi nekumwe kuyedza.
• Browser Testing: Tarisa uone kuti software inoenderana nemabhurawuza akasiyana.

Kuyedzwa kwemaoko kuchiri kuitwa panguva dzakasiyana panguva yekusimudzira, asi izvi zvinonyanya kuitwa nevagadziri kana mainjiniya ehardware pachavo kuti vakurumidze kuona kana shanduko dzavakaita dzave nemhedzisiro yavanoda.

Ercole Palmeri