Menene Gwajin Software, menene ma'anar gwada software

Gwajin software wani tsari ne na bincike, kimantawa, da kuma tabbatar da kamala da ingancin software da aka rubuta don kwamfutoci. Yana tabbatar da yarda da samfurin software dangane da tsari, kasuwanci, fasaha, aiki da buƙatun mai amfani.

Gwajin software, ko gwajin software, ana kuma san shi da gwajin aikace-aikace.

Gwajin software da farko babban tsari ne wanda ya ƙunshi matakai masu alaƙa da yawa. Babban makasudin gwajin software shine auna amincin software tare da cikar sa dangane da muhimman abubuwan da suke bukata. Gwajin software ya ƙunshi nazari da gwada software ta hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban. Makasudin waɗannan matakai na iya haɗawa da:

Tabbatar da cikar software akan buƙatun aiki/kasuwanci
Gano kwari/kurakurai na fasaha da kuma tabbatar da cewa software ba ta da kurakurai
Ƙimar amfani, aiki, tsaro, wuri, dacewa da shigarwa
Dole ne software da aka gwada ta wuce duk gwaje-gwaje don zama cikakke ko dacewa don amfani. Wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin gwajin software daban-daban sun haɗa da gwajin akwatin farin, gwajin akwatin baƙar fata, da gwajin akwatin launin toka. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya gwada software gaba ɗaya, a cikin abubuwan da aka gyara/raka'a ko cikin tsarin rayuwa.

Gwajin Black Box

Gwajin Black Box dabara ce ta gwajin software wacce ke mai da hankali kan nazarin ayyukan software, dangane da ayyukan cikin gida na tsarin. An haɓaka Gwajin Akwatin Baƙar fata azaman hanya don nazarin buƙatun abokin ciniki, ƙayyadaddun bayanai da dabarun ƙira masu girma.

Ma'aikacin Gwajin Akwatin Baƙar fata yana zaɓar saitin ingantacciyar lambar aiwatarwa da mara inganci da yanayin shigarwa da bincika ingantattun martanin fitarwa.

Gwajin Black Box kuma ana saninsa da gwajin aiki ko gwajin akwatin rufewa.

Injin bincike misali ne mai sauƙi na aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin gwajin akwatin baƙar fata. Mai amfani da injin bincike yana shigar da rubutu a cikin mashigin binciken gidan yanar gizo. Injin binciken sai ya gano kuma ya dawo da sakamakon bayanan mai amfani (fitarwa).

Fa'idodin Gwajin Black Box sun haɗa da:

• Sauƙi: Sauƙaƙan gwaji na manyan ayyuka da aikace-aikace masu rikitarwa
• Ajiye albarkatu: Masu gwadawa suna mai da hankali kan ayyukan software.
• Abubuwan Gwaji: Mayar da hankali kan ayyukan software don sauƙaƙe haɓakar abubuwan gwaji cikin sauri.
• Yana ba da sassauci: babu takamaiman ilimin shirye-shirye da ake buƙata.

Gwajin Black Box shima yana da wasu illoli, kamar haka:

• Ƙirar gwaji / ƙirar rubutun da kiyayewa na iya zama ƙalubale saboda kayan aikin Gwajin Black Box sun dogara da abubuwan da aka sani.
• Yin hulɗa tare da ƙirar mai amfani da hoto (GUI) na iya lalata rubutun gwaji.
• Gwaje-gwajen sun shafi ayyukan aikace-aikacen ne kawai.

Gwajin Farin Akwatin

A yayin gwajin farin-akwatin, ana gudanar da lamba tare da ƙimar shigarwa da aka zaɓa da aka riga aka zaɓa don inganta ƙimar fitarwa da aka riga aka zaɓa. Gwajin farin-akwatin sau da yawa ya ƙunshi rubuta lambar stub (yankin lambar da aka yi amfani da shi don maye gurbin wani takamaiman fasali. Tambura na iya kwatanta halayen lambar da ke akwai, kamar hanya akan na'ura mai nisa) da kuma direbobi.

Amfanin gwajin farin akwatin sun haɗa da:

• Yana ba da damar sake amfani da shari'o'in gwaji kuma yana ba da kwanciyar hankali
• Yana sauƙaƙe haɓaka lambar
• Yana sauƙaƙe gano wuraren ɓoyayyun kurakurai a farkon matakan haɓakawa
• Yana sauƙaƙa ingantaccen gwajin aikace-aikacen
• Cire layin lambar da ba dole ba

Lalacewar sun haɗa da:

• Yana buƙatar ƙwararren mai gwadawa tare da sanin tsarin ciki
• Yana ɗaukar lokaci
• Babban farashi
• Tabbatar da Bit-of-code yana da wahala.
• Gwajin-akwatin fari ya haɗa da gwajin raka'a, gwajin haɗin kai, da gwajin koma baya.

Binciken Ƙungiyar

Gwajin Raka'a wani bangare ne na Zagayen Ci gaban Rayuwar Software (SDLC) wanda a cikinsa ake amfani da cikakkiyar hanyar gwaji daban-daban zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta sassan shirin software don dacewa ko ɗabi'a.

Gwajin juzu'i shine ma'aunin inganci da tsarin kimantawa da ake amfani da shi a yawancin ayyukan haɓaka software na kamfani. Gabaɗaya, gwajin naúrar yana kimanta yadda lambar software ta dace da manufar gaba ɗaya na software/ aikace-aikacen/shirin da yadda dacewarta ke shafar sauran ƙananan raka'a. Ana iya yin gwajin raka'a da hannu - ta ɗaya ko fiye da masu haɓakawa - ko ta hanyar maganin software mai sarrafa kansa.

Yayin gwaji, kowace naúrar ta keɓe daga babban shirin ko dubawa. Yawancin gwaje-gwaje na raka'a ana yin su ne bayan haɓakawa da kuma kafin turawa, don haka sauƙaƙe haɗin kai da gano matsalar farkon. Girma ko iyakar naúrar ya bambanta dangane da yaren shirye-shirye, aikace-aikacen software, da burin gwaji.

Gwajin aikin

Gwajin aiki tsarin gwaji ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin haɓaka software inda aka gwada software don tabbatar da cewa ta cika duk buƙatu. Hanya ce ta bincika software don tabbatar da cewa tana da duk ayyukan da ake buƙata da aka ƙayyade a cikin bukatun aikinta.

Ana amfani da gwajin aiki musamman don tabbatar da cewa wata software tana ba da fitarwa iri ɗaya kamar yadda mai amfani ko kasuwanci ya buƙata. Yawanci, gwajin aiki ya ƙunshi kimantawa da kwatanta kowane aikin software da buƙatun kasuwanci. Ana gwada software ta hanyar ba ta wasu abubuwan da ke da alaƙa ta yadda za a iya kimanta abin da aka fitar don ganin yadda ta dace, ko alaƙa, ko bambanta da ainihin bukatunta. Bugu da ƙari, gwaje-gwajen aiki kuma suna bincika amfanin software, misali tabbatar da cewa ayyukan kewayawa suna aiki kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Gwajin koma baya

Gwajin koma baya wani nau'in gwajin software ne da ake amfani dashi don tantance ko sabbin matsaloli sakamakon canje-canjen software ne.

Kafin amfani da canji, ana gwada shirin. Bayan an yi amfani da canji, za a sake gwada shirin a wuraren da aka zaɓa don gano ko canjin ya haifar da sabbin kwari ko matsaloli, ko kuma ainihin canjin ya ci manufar da aka yi niyya.

Gwajin koma baya yana da mahimmanci ga manyan aikace-aikacen software, saboda galibi yana da wahala a san ko canza ɓangaren matsala ya haifar da sabuwar matsala ga wani ɓangaren aikace-aikacen. Misali, canji zuwa fom ɗin lamuni na banki na iya haifar da gazawar rahoton ciniki na wata-wata. A mafi yawan lokuta, matsalolin na iya zama kamar ba su da alaƙa, amma za su iya zama dalilin takaici a tsakanin masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen.

Sauran yanayin da ke buƙatar gwajin koma baya sun haɗa da gano ko wasu canje-canje sun cimma manufa ko gwaji don sababbin hatsarori da ke da alaƙa da al'amurran da suka sake tasowa bayan wani lokaci ba tare da matsala ba.

Gwajin koma baya na zamani ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar kayan aikin gwaji na musamman na kasuwanci waɗanda ke ɗaukar hotuna na software da ke akwai waɗanda ake kwatanta su bayan amfani da takamaiman canji. Kusan ba zai yuwu ba masu gwajin ɗan adam suyi ayyuka iri ɗaya da inganci kamar na masu gwajin software na atomatik. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman tare da manyan aikace-aikacen software masu rikitarwa a cikin manyan wuraren IT kamar bankuna, asibitoci, kamfanonin masana'anta da manyan dillalai.

Gwajin danniya

Gwajin damuwa yana nufin gwada software ko kayan masarufi don tantance ko aikin sa yana da gamsarwa a ƙarƙashin matsananci da yanayi mara kyau, wanda zai iya faruwa sakamakon matsanancin zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa, aiwatar da lodi, rufewa, overclocking, da ƙimar amfanin albarkatu.

Yawancin tsarin ana haɓaka su suna ɗaukar yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Sabili da haka, ko da an wuce iyaka, kurakurai ba su da kyau idan an gwada tsarin da aka gwada yayin ci gaba.

Ana amfani da gwajin damuwa a cikin mahallin masu zuwa:

• Software: Gwajin damuwa yana jaddada samuwa da sarrafa kurakurai a ƙarƙashin kaya masu nauyi sosai don tabbatar da cewa software ɗin ba ta faɗuwa saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki. Gwajin damuwa na software yana mai da hankali kan gano ma'amaloli don zubar da ma'amaloli, waɗanda ke da matuƙar damuwa yayin gwaji, ko da lokacin da ba a loda bayanan bayanai ba. Tsarin gwaji na damuwa yana ɗaukar masu amfani lokaci guda sama da matakan tsarin na yau da kullun don nemo mahaɗin mafi rauni a cikin tsarin.
• Hardware: Gwajin damuwa suna tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali a cikin mahallin kwamfuta na yau da kullun.
• Shafukan yanar gizo: Gwajin damuwa suna ƙayyade iyakokin kowane aikin rukunin yanar gizon.
• CPU: Canje-canje irin su overvolting, undervolting, underlocking, da overlocking ana duba su don sanin ko za su iya ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi ta hanyar tafiyar da shirin CPU mai ƙarfi don gwada haɗarin tsarin ko daskarewa. Gwajin damuwa na CPU kuma ana sanin gwajin azabtarwa.

Gwaje-gwaje ta atomatik

Gwajin sarrafa kansa (gwajin gwajin software) hanya ce ta gwajin lamba wanda ke yin amfani da kayan aikin software na musamman waɗanda ke gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta atomatik sannan kuma kwatanta ainihin sakamakon gwaji tare da sakamakon da ake sa ran.

Gwaji na atomatik yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a Ci gaba da Bayarwa (CD), Haɗin kai (CI), DevOps, da DevSecOps. Babban fa'idodin gwaji ta atomatik sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin sarrafa kansa yana adana lokaci da kuɗi masu haɓakawa ta hanyar sa tsarin gwaji ya fi dacewa.
• Gwaje-gwaje na atomatik suna gano kurakurai da kyau fiye da gwajin hannu.
• Lokacin da gwaje-gwaje suka yi ta atomatik, ana iya aiwatar da kayan aikin gwaji da yawa a layi daya.

A cikin haɓaka software, yana da amfani musamman don yin gwaje-gwaje ta atomatik yayin aikin gini don tabbatar da cewa aikace-aikacen ba ta da kurakurai da kuma yin aikin da aka yi niyya.

Ɗaukar lokaci don sarrafa gwajin software a ƙarshe zai adana lokacin masu haɓakawa ta hanyar rage haɗarin cewa canjin lambar zai karya ayyukan da ake da su.

Gwaji wani mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin ci gaba. Yana tabbatar da cewa duk kurakurai an gyara su kuma samfurin, software ko hardware, yana yin yadda aka yi niyya ko kusa da aikin da aka yi niyya gwargwadon yiwuwa. Gwaji na atomatik, maimakon gwajin hannu, yana da mahimmanci don sadar da ingantaccen software akai-akai wanda ke biyan buƙatun mai amfani a kan kari tare da ƙarancin lahani.

Nau'in gwaje-gwaje na atomatik da ake amfani da su wajen haɓaka software

• Gwajin raka'a: Gwada ƙaramin tsari guda ɗaya a cikin keɓantaccen wuri kafin tabbatar da haɗin kai tare da wasu raka'a.
• Gwajin Haɗin kai: Ana gwada gwajin raka'a da sauran abubuwan aikace-aikacen azaman haɗin haɗin gwiwa.
• Gwajin aiki: Bincika idan tsarin software ya yi yadda ya kamata.
• Gwajin Aiki: Ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen ƙarƙashin manyan kaya fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Gwaje-gwajen aiki sau da yawa suna bayyana ƙulli.
• Gwajin hayaki: Yana ƙayyade idan ginin ya tsaya tsayin daka don ci gaba da ƙarin gwaji.
• Gwajin Browser: Tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin software sun dace da masu bincike daban-daban.

Har yanzu ana yin gwajin da hannu a lokuta daban-daban yayin haɓakawa, amma galibi ana yin hakan ta hanyar masu haɓakawa ko injiniyoyi da kansu don ganin ko canje-canjen da suka yi sun sami tasirin da ake so.

Ercole Palmeri