A cikin zamanin da tafiya ya zama kusan haƙƙin da ba za a iya raba shi ba ga mutane da yawa, kaɗan ne kawai suke tsayawa don yin la'akari datasirin muhalli cewa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a duniyarmu. Bukatar tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama, wanda ke haifar da karuwar farashi mai araha da kuma fadada hanyar sadarwa ta duniya, yana da matukar tasiri ga muhalli, musamman ta fuskar yanayin. iskar carbon dioxide (CO2), daya daga cikin manyan gas greenhouse alhakin sauyin yanayi.
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A cikin 2018, duniya ta shaida ɗaya gagarumin girma na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, tare da karuwa da 6% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata, ya kai ga m adadi na Fasinjoji biliyan 8,8. Wannan karuwa ba wani keɓantaccen taron ba ne: shekaru goma da suka gabata (2007-2017) sun ga matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara na 4,3%. Neman zuwa nan gaba, annabta sun nuna a kara kara na bukatar sabis na iska, tare da ci gaban da ake sa ran kusan 30% tsakanin 2018 da 2023.
Wannan ci gaba da fadada ya haifar da a karuwa a CO2 watsi da amfani haske e gas. Jirgin yana da alhakin kusan 2% na iskar CO2 na duniya da 3% a Turai.
Don samar da mafi fa'ida mahallin, a cikin harkokin sufuri a cikin 2016, 13% na CO2 hayaki zo daga jirgin sama. Duk da yake wannan yana iya zama kamar ƙaramin kashi, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa jirgin sama Yana fitar da kusan gram 285 na CO2 kowane fasinja na kowane kilomita yana tafiya, idan aka kwatanta da gram 42 akan kowane fasinja a kowane kilomita a cikin mota.
Ba duk kamfanonin jiragen sama ke da tasirin muhalli iri ɗaya ba. EasyJet, alal misali, an gane shi azaman jirgin sama tare da mafi ƙarancin tasiri dangane da CO2 da ake fitarwa. Wadannan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin kamfanonin jiragen sama sun nuna cewa, akwai hanyoyin da za a rage illar da bala'in balaguron balaguro ke yi wa muhalli.
A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, Virgin Atlantic ta sami jirgin farko na farko: Boeing 787 ya haye Atlantic, daga London zuwa New York, yana amfani da shi. man fetur na jirgin sama mai dorewa na musamman (SAF). Wannan jirgin yana nuna muhimmin juyi, wanda ya zarce ka'idojin Ingilishi na yanzu wanda ke iyakance amfani da SAF zuwa 50%.
Man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi, ya ƙunshi 88% HEFA (wanda aka samo daga oli da dafa abinci amfani da kayan shuka), yi alkawari rage hayakin CO2 da kashi 70% idan aka kwatanta da albarkatun mai. Koyaya, dorewar SAF na dogon lokaci yana ƙarƙashin bincike, tare da suka game da sa samarwa e farashin. Yayin da makamashin jirgin sama mai dorewa (SAF) yana wakiltar mafita mai ban sha'awa ga rage sawun carbon na fannin sufurin jiragen sama, har yanzu akwai manyan ƙalubalen da za a shawo kan su. SAFs, gami da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a jirgin zanga-zangar London-New York na Virgin Atlantic, har yanzu suna sakin carbon cikin yanayi.
Duk da haka, ana kiyasin hakan zai iya faruwa a cikin ƙima 70% kasa idan aka kwatanta da man fetur na al'ada. Wannan jirgi na musamman ya yi amfani da gauraya na 88% hydroprocessed esters da fatty acid (HEFAs), abubuwan da suka samo asali daga hanyoyin sinadarai, da kuma 12% na kerosene na roba na roba (SAK), sharar gida daga samar da masara.
Samar da SAF yana buƙatar a babba yawa na albarkatun. Misali, kowane jirgin sama mai tsayi yana buƙatar kusan tan 7,2 na sharar masara. Wannan adadin zai iya isa ya rufe wasu hanyoyi, amma ba gaskiya ba ne a yi tunanin cewa zai iya biyan bukatun kusan. Jirage dubu 26wanda ke tashi da sauka a duk faɗin duniya kowace rana.
Ƙungiyar Dorewa ta Duniya (WSO) ta ƙaddamar da takaddun shaida, wanda aka sani da "kore sitika", don hukumomin balaguro waɗanda ke haɓaka yawon shakatawa mai dorewa. Wannan yunƙurin na nufin gane da ƙarfafa ayyuka masu ɗorewa a ɓangaren yawon shakatawa.
Hukumomin balaguro suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta duniya, kasuwa wacce ta kai darajar Janairu 2023 dalar Amurka biliyan 475. Tare da karuwar buƙatun yawon shakatawa mai dorewa, hukumomi da yawa sun riga sun ba da fakiti masu dacewa da muhalli da tallafawa masu samar da kayayyaki na gida.
Don samun takaddun shaida na WSO, dole ne hukumomi su cika ƙaƙƙarfan sharuɗɗa:
A ƙarshe, dakaruwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama gaskiya ne cewa ba za a iya watsi da shi ba, amma yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da sakamakon sakamakon muhalli. Ƙaddamarwa kamar rage fitar da hayaki a kowane kamfanin jirgin sama da kashe fitar da hayaki matakai ne masu kyau, amma a bayyane yake cewa har yanzu ana buƙatar yin abubuwa da yawa don tabbatar da cewa i sararin sama na duniyarmu ya kasance mai tsabta kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Shirin zanen BlogInnovazione.shi: https://www.tariffe-energia.it/news/primo-volo-green/
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