Mapangidwe Mapangidwe Vs Mfundo za SOLID, zabwino ndi zoyipa

Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi mayankho otsika otsika ku zovuta zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza pakupanga mapulogalamu.

Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi mayankho osinthika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pama projekiti angapo.

Nthawi yowerengera: 5 minuti

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Mapangidwe Apangidwe ndi mfundo za SOLID

1. Mapangidwe apangidwe:
   • Mayankho Okhazikika: Mapangidwe amapangidwe ndi mayankho achindunji, otsika kwambiri pamavuto omwe amabwerezedwanso pamapangidwe apulogalamu.
   • Tsatanetsatane wa Kakhazikitsidwe: Perekani zitsogozo zotsimikizirika kuti zithetse mavuto omwe anthu amakumana nawo pamapulogalamu.
   • Zitsanzo: Mapangidwe ena odziwika bwino akuphatikizapo Singleton, Factory Method, ndi Adapter.
   • Chitetezo: Mapangidwe amapangidwe amayesedwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala otetezeka kutsatira.
2. Mfundo za SOLID:
   • Mfundo Zazikulu: Mfundo za SOLID ndi malangizo apamwamba omwe amadziwitsa mapangidwe abwino a mapulogalamu.
   • Zomangamanga za Scalable: Amayang'ana kwambiri scalability, kusamalidwa, komanso kuwerengeka.
   • Osamangidwa ndi chilankhulo: Mfundo za SOLID sizimangika kuchilankhulo china chilichonse.
   • Zitsanzo:
     • Mfundo ya Udindo Umodzi (SRP): Kalasi iyenera kukhala ndi chifukwa chimodzi chokha chosinthira.
     • Mfundo yotsegula/yotseka (OCP): Mabungwe a mapulogalamu akuyenera kukhala otseguka kuti awonjezedwe koma otsekedwa kuti asinthidwe.
     • Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Ma subtypes ayenera kusinthidwa ndi mitundu yawo yoyambira.
     • Mfundo Yosiyanitsa Pakati pa Maonekedwe (ISP): Makasitomala sayenera kukakamizidwa kudalira malo omwe sagwiritsa ntchito.
     • Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): Ma module apamwamba sayenera kudalira ma modules otsika; zonse ziyenera kudalira zotsalira.

Mwachidule, mapangidwe apangidwe amapereka mayankho enieni, pomwe mfundo za SOLID zimapereka malangizo opangira mapulogalamu abwinoko

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mapangidwe Apangidwe

• Reusability: Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi mayankho osinthika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pama projekiti angapo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, opanga amapulumutsa nthawi ndi khama, chifukwa safunikira kukonzanso gudumu pazovuta zomwe wamba.
• Defigawo la zomangamanga: Mapangidwe a mapangidwe amathandiza defiyeretsani kamangidwe ka pulogalamu yamapulogalamu. Amapereka njira yokhazikika yothanirana ndi zovuta zamapangidwe apadera, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika komanso kusasinthika.
• Flessibilità: Ma templates amalola kusinthasintha kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zosintha. Zosintha zatsopano zikafunika, opanga amatha kusintha kapena kukulitsa ma tempulo omwe alipo popanda kuphwanya dongosolo lonse.

Kuipa kogwiritsa ntchito Mapangidwe Apangidwe

• Maphunziro opindika: Kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apangidwe kumafuna chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso. Madivelopa a Novice angavutike kumvetsetsa mfundozo ndikusankha mtundu woyenera pavuto lomwe laperekedwa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso: Kukhala ndi mapangidwe opezeka mosavuta kungayambitse malingaliro olakwika akuti mavuto onse amatha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zilipo kale. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma tempuleti kumatha kuchepetsa luso komanso kulepheretsa kusaka njira zabwinoko, zotsogola.
• Kuvuta- Mapangidwe ena amabweretsa zovuta zina mu code base. Madivelopa ayenera kupeza kulinganiza pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndi kupanga ma code omveka bwino.

Mwachidule, mapangidwe apangidwe amapereka ubwino wofunikira pakugwiritsanso ntchito, zomangamanga komanso kusinthasintha, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuyenera kukhala kwanzeru kuti tipewe zovuta zosafunikira komanso kulimbikitsa luso.

Chitsanzo cha Mapangidwe Apangidwe mu Laravel: Singleton

Mapangidwe a Singleton amatsimikizira kuti kalasi ili ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha ndipo imapereka malo amodzi olowera. Ku Laravel, mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira zinthu monga kulumikizidwa kwa database kapena masinthidwe osintha.

Nachi chitsanzo choyambirira cha kukhazikitsa kwa singleton mu PHP:

<?php
kalasi singleton {
payekha static $chitsanzo = null;

ntchito yachinsinsi __kupanga () {
// Wopanga payekha kuti apewe kuwongolera mwachindunji
}

public static function getInstance(): self {
ngati (null === kudzikonda::$chithunzi) {
kudzikonda ::$chithunzi = kudzikonda kwatsopano();
}
bwererani nokha :: $chitsanzo;
}

// Njira zina ndi katundu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa apa
}

// Kugwiritsa ntchito:
$singletonInstance = Singleton::getInstance();
// Tsopano muli ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha kalasi ya Singleton

// Chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Laravel:
$ database = DB :: kulumikizana ('mysql');
// Bweretsani chitsanzo cholumikizira database (singleton)

Mu chitsanzo kodi:

• Kalasi ya Singleton ili ndi womanga payekha kuti ateteze mwachindunji;
• Njira ya getInstance () imatsimikizira kuti gawo limodzi lokha la kalasi lilipo;
• Mutha kuwonjezera njira zina ndi katundu ku kalasi ya Singleton ngati pakufunika;

Chidebe chautumiki cha Laravel chimagwiritsanso ntchito mawonekedwe a Singleton kuyang'anira kudalira m'makalasi ndikupanga jakisoni wodalira. Ngati mumagwira ntchito ku Laravel, lingalirani zogwiritsa ntchito chidebe chake ndikulembetsa kalasi yanu ndi wopereka chithandizo kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwambiri.

Ercole Palmeri