IT Chengetedzo: maitiro ekuzvidzivirira kubva kuExcel macro virus kurwiswa

Excel Macro Chengetedzo inochengetedza komputa yako kubva kumavhairasi anogona kuendeswa kune komputa yako kuburikidza neExcel macros.

Kuchengetedzwa kweMacro kwakachinja zvakanyanya pakati peExcel 2003 neExcel 2007.

Muchikamu chino ngationei pamwe chete nzira yekuzvidzivirira zvakanyanya kubva kune zvinogona kuitika Excel macro kurwisa.

Chii chinonzi macro attack

A macro attack inyaya yekukuvadza kodhi jekiseni, script-based attack iyo inouya semurayiridzo mukuru mukati mefaira inoita seyakachengeteka. Hackers vanoita kurwiswa uku nekuisa malware download script (kazhinji) mumagwaro anotsigira macros. Iyo yakaipa kushandiswa kwemacros kunobva pakusagadzikana kwevanhu mukusaziva nekusava nehanya . Pane akati wandei maitiro ekurwisa macro anoita kuti ive njodzi zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, kunewo mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira kurwiswa kwakadaro.

Chii chinonzi Macros?

Macros mirairo inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekushandisa to automate routine process uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekushandiswa kwechirongwa. 

Kune akawanda mabasa aunogona kuita pane data muExcel. Nekugadzira uye nekumhanyisa macro, unogona nyora nhevedzano yemirairo kutsanangura maitiro anogara achidzokororwa uye nekuaita nesimba, achichengetedza nguva yakawanda. Macros inokutendera iwe kutungamira zviwanikwa zvekunze kuti uongorore data kubva kune mamwe mafaera pakombuta yako kana kunyange network access kurodha zvinhu kubva kumaseva ari kure.

Uyai funziona il Macro Virus ?

Iyo yakapusa nzira yekuita macro kurwisa ndeyekumisikidza yekurodha script mufaira-risingakuvadzi. Kubira kwemazuva ano kunoda kuba ruzivo kubva kwauri kuti uvatengese, encrypt data yako kumbirai rudzikinuro o shandisa magumo ako nedzimwe nzira kuti vabatsirwe. Zvese izvi zviitiko zvinosanganisira jekiseni rekunze software muhurongwa. Uye macros akanaka pane izvi.

Chii chinoita kuti kurwisa kukuru kuve nengozi?

Kurwiswa kweMacro kunetsa kune zvikwata zvekuchengetedza, sezvo vaine zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoita kuti zviome kutevedzera uye zvakaoma kudzivirira kupararira.

• Nyore kuparadzira. Macros anoshanda pane akasiyana masisitimu anoshanda. Pavanomhara pamotokari, vanogona kupararira zvakafanana mavhairasi epakombiyuta nehonye dzeInternet. Iyo macro inogona kuve nemirairo yekushandura mamwe mafaera uye kunyange faira matemplate. Izvi zvinoita kuti chero faira rakagadzirwa pamushini une hutachiona hutyisidzire. Semuenzaniso, macros anogona zvakare kumisikidza network yekubatanidza kuparadzira hutsinye mafaera kuburikidza neemail.
• Inogona kunge isina mafaira. Malefactors anogona kunyora macros kuitira kuti pasave nemucherechedzo wekuvapo kwavo pahard drive yekombuta kana chero imwe mudziyo wekuchengetera. Inoita macro kurwisa chiitiko chaicho chekurwiswa kusina faira ine kodhi inongowanikwa muRAM, kwete pamushini wemushini dhiraivha (sefaira kana mune chero imwe fomu).
• Zviri nyore kublur. Kune akawanda maalgorithms ekuti obfuscating macro kodhi. Obfuscation haisi kukodha, inzira iri nyore, asi zvakare yakakwana kuita kuti zvinyorwa zvisaverengeke kune muongorori wevanhu kana kuti zviite chirahwe vasati vaziva kana macros anoshandiswa ane hutsinye.

Kana mushandisi ari panjodzi

Kurwiswa kweMacro kunoshandisa pamwe njodzi yakanyanya njodzi mucybersecurity: mushandisi wemunhu. Kushaikwa kweruzivo rwekombuta uye kusatarisisa kunoita kuti vashandisi a nyore chinangwa kune hackers uye bvumira matsotsi kutarisira kuurayiwa kwemushandisi pasuru yavo yakaipa. Matsotsi anofanira kunyengedza vashandisi kaviri : kutanga kuvaita kudhawunirodha faira rine macros uyezve kuvanyengetedza kuti vabvumire macros kumhanya. Pane matipi akasiyana siyana anogona kushandiswa nematsotsi, asi akanyanya kufanana neakawanda phishing uye malware ekuparadzira mishandirapamwe.

Kuchengetedzwa kweMacro mune zvazvino shanduro dzeExcel (2007 uye gare gare):

Kana iwe uchida kumhanyisa macros mune zvazvino mavhezheni eExcel, unofanirwa kuchengetedza iyo Excel faira sebhuku rinogonesa macro. Excel inoziva mabhuku ekushanda ane macro-enabled ne .xlsm file extension (panzvimbo penguva dzose .xlsx extension).

Naizvozvo, kana ukawedzera makro kubhuku rebasa reExcel rakajairwa uye uchida kukwanisa kushandisa macro iyi nguva dzose paunopinda mubhuku rebasa, unozofanira kurichengeta nekuwedzera kwe.xlsm.

Kuti uite izvi, sarudza Save As kubva ku "Faira" tebhu yeExcel ribhoni. Excel ichabva yaratidza "Chengetedza Se" skrini kana "Save As" dialog box.

Seta rudzi rwefaira ku "Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook" uye wobva wadzvanya bhatani Salva .

Iwo akasiyana eExcel faira ekuwedzera anojekesa kana bhuku rebasa riine macros, saka izvi pachazvo inzira inobatsira yekuchengetedza. Nekudaro, Excel inopawo sarudzo macro kuchengetedza zvigadziriso, izvo zvinogona kudzorwa kuburikidza nesarudzo menyu.

Macro Security Settings

Iwo mana macro kuchengetedza marongero:

• "Dzima macros ese pasina ziviso": Kuseta uku hakutenderi chero macros kumhanya. Paunovhura bhuku rebasa reExcel nyowani, hauyambirwe kuti rine macros, saka ungasaziva kuti ndosaka bhuku rebasa risiri kushanda sezvaitarisirwa.
• "Dzima macros ese nechiziviso": Kuseta uku kunodzivirira macros kubva kumhanya. Nekudaro, kana paine macros mubhuku rebasa, hwindo rinobuda richakuyambira kuti macros aripo uye akaremara. Unogona kusarudza kugonesa macros mukati mebhuku rebasa razvino kana uchida.
• "Dzima macros ese kunze kweaya akasainwa nedigital": Kugadzika uku kunongobvumira macros kubva kune anovimbwa masosi kuti amhanye. Mamwe macros ese haamhanye. Paunovhura bhuku rebasa reExcel nyowani, hauyambirwe kuti rine macros, saka ungasaziva kuti ndosaka bhuku rebasa risiri kushanda sezvaitarisirwa.
• "Gonesa ese macros": Kurongeka uku kunobvumira macros ese kuti ashande. Paunovhura bhuku idzva rebasa reExcel, haunyeverwe kuti rine macros, uye unogona kunge usiri kuziva macros ari kushanda iro faira rakavhurika.

Kana ukasarudza yechipiri kuseta, "Dzima macros ese nechiziviso", paunovhura bhuku rebasa rine macros, unopihwa sarudzo yekubvumidza macros kumhanya. Iyi sarudzo inounzwa kwauri mune yero bhendi kumusoro kwespredishiti, sezvinoratidzwa pazasi:

Naizvozvo, iwe unongoda kudzvanya bhatani iri kana iwe uchida kubvumira macros kumhanya.

Svika kuExcel macro kuchengetedza zvigadziriso

Kana iwe uchida kuona kana kushandura iyo Excel macro chengetedzo yekumisikidza mumavhezheni ekutanga eExcel:

• MuExcel 2007: Sarudza iyo Excel main menu (nekusarudza iyo Excel logo kumusoro kuruboshwe rwespredishiti) uye, pazasi kurudyi rwemenyu iyi, sarudza. Excel Options kuratidza "Excel Options" dialog box; Kubva pa "Excel Options" dialog box, sarudza sarudzo Protection Center uye, kubva pane izvi, tinya bhatani Trust Center Settings… ; Kubva pane sarudzo Macro settings , sarudza imwe yezvirongwa wobva wadzvanya OK .
• MuExcel 2010 kana kuti gare gare: Sarudza iyo tab faira uye sarudza kubva pane izvi Options kuratidza "Excel Options" dialog box; Kubva pa "Excel Options" dialog box, sarudza sarudzo Protection Center uye, kubva pane izvi, tinya bhatani Trust Center Settings… ; Kubva pane sarudzo Macro settings , sarudza imwe yezvirongwa wobva wadzvanya OK .

Ongorora: Paunoshandura iyo Excel macro chengetedzo yekumisikidza, iwe unozofanirwa kuvhara nekutangazve Excel kuti iyo nyowani itange kushanda.

Nzvimbo dzakavimbika mushanduro dzazvino dzeExcel

Dzazvino vhezheni dzeExcel dzinokutendera iwe kuti udaro definish nzvimbo dzakavimbika, kureva maforodha pakombuta yako ayo Excel "inovimba". Naizvozvo, Excel inosiya yakajairika macro cheki paunovhura mafaera akachengetwa munzvimbo idzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana faira reExcel rakaiswa munzvimbo yakavimbika, macros mune iyi faira anozogoneswa, zvisinei neiyo macro kuchengetedza.

Microsoft ine defined dzimwe nzira dzakavimbika karedefinites, yakanyorwa mumagadzirirwo esarudzo Nzira dzakavimbika mubhuku rako rekushanda reExcel. Unogona kuiwana kuburikidza nematanho anotevera:

• MuExcel 2007: Sarudza iyo Excel main menu (nekusarudza iyo Excel logo kumusoro kuruboshwe rwespredishiti) uye, pazasi kurudyi rwemenyu iyi, sarudza Excel Options; Kubva pa "Excel Options" dialog box inoonekwa, sarudza sarudzo Protection Center uye, kubva pane izvi, tinya bhatani Trust Center Settings… ; Sarudza sarudzo Nzvimbo dzakavimbika kubva pane menyu kuruboshwe.
• MuExcel 2010 kana kuti gare gare: Sarudza iyo Faira tebhu uye kubva pane iyi sarudza Sarudzo;
  Kubva pa "Excel Options" dialog box inovhura, sarudza iyo Trust Center sarudzo uye kubva pane izvi, tinya paTrust Center Settings… bhatani;
  Sarudza iyo Yakavimbwa Nzvimbo sarudzo kubva kuruboshwe menyu.

Kana uchida defishandisa nzvimbo yako yaunovimba, unogona kuzviita sezvizvi:

• Kubva pane sarudzo Nzvimbo dzakavimbika , tinya bhatani Wedzera nzvimbo itsva... ;
• Tsvaga dhairekitori raunoda kuvimba uye tinya OK .

Chenjera: Isu hatikurudzire kuisa zvikamu zvakakura zvedhiraivha, senge "My Documents" folda, munzvimbo yakavimbika, sezvo izvi zvinokuisa panjodzi yekukanganisa macros kubva kune asina kuvimbika.

Ercole Palmeri