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Chii chinonzi Laravel, mashandiro ayo uye ekutanga mavakirwo ekugadzira WEB application

Laravel ndeye PHP-yakavakirwa pawebhu dhizaini yekuvaka yakakwirira-yekupedzisira webhu maapplication, uchishandisa ayo akapusa asi ane simba syntaxes.

Iyo Laravel PHP chimiro chinouya nechakasimba muunganidzwa wezvishandiso, uye inopa iyo yekuvaka kune maapplication anogadzirwa. Iyo yakavhurika sosi PHP chimiro, uchishandisa iyo MVC dhizaini:

Framework: muunganidzwa wenzira, makirasi kana mafaera anoshandiswa nemugadziri, uye anogona zvakare kuwedzera mashandiro awo achishandisa kodhi yake.
Architecture: ndiyo chaiyo dhizaini pateni inoteedzerwa nehurongwa. Laravel anotevera iyo MVC dhizaini.

Mukati

mvc

Acronym inoumbwa nemavara matatu, zvinoreva ndezvizvi:

M: Template. Muenzaniso ikirasi inobata nedatabase. Semuyenzaniso kana isu tiine vashandisi mukushandisa saka tichava nevashandisi modhi iyo inotarisira kubvunza tafura yevashandisi, kana isu tine modhi yevashandisi isu tichavawo netafura yevashandisi.
V: View. Maonero ikirasi inochengeta zvese zvatinoona nezve application mubrowser.
C: Vatongi. A controller ndiye murevereri anotarisira zvese zviri zviviri modhi uye maonero. A controller ndiyo kirasi inotora data kubva kumuenzaniso uye inotumira kukirasi yekuona.

Benefits uye maitiro

Kugadzirwa kwemvumo uye masisitimu echokwadi

Wese muridzi wewebhu application anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti vashandisi vasina mvumo havawani zviwanikwa zvakachengetedzwa. Laravel inopa nzira iri nyore yekushandisa chokwadi. Inopa zvakare nzira iri nyore yekuronga mvumo yekumisikidza uye kutonga kuwana zviwanikwa.

Kubatanidzwa nemidziyo

Laravel inosanganiswa nezvishandiso zvakawanda zvinogadzira inokurumidza app. Izvo hazvifanirwe chete kugadzira iyo app, asiwo kugadzira inokurumidza app. Kubatanidza ne caching backend nderimwe rematanho makuru ekuvandudza mashandiro ewebhu app Laravel inosanganiswa nemamwe anozivikanwa caching backends seRedis uye Memcached.

Kubatanidzwa kwesevhisi yetsamba

Laravel inosanganiswa neye mail sevhisi. Iyi sevhisi inoshandiswa kutumira maemail ekuzivisa. Iyo inopa yakachena uye yakapusa API iyo inokutendera iwe kukurumidza kutumira email kuburikidza ne-on-nzvimbo kana gore-yakavakirwa sevhisi.

Test otomatiki

Kuedza chigadzirwa kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti software inoshanda isina zvikanganiso, tsikidzi uye tsaona - pese painoburitswa vhezheni. Isu tinoziva kuti kuyedza otomatiki kunotora nguva shoma pane kuyedza nemaoko, kunyanya yekusadzora bvunzo. Laravel yakagadzirwa nekuyedzwa mupfungwa zvakare.

Kupatsanurwa kwebhizinesi logic kodhi kubva kuratidziro kodhi

Kupatsanurwa kwebhizinesi logic kodhi uye mharidzo kodhi inobvumira HTML marongerwo evagadziri kuti vachinje kutaridzika uye kunzwa pasina kudyidzana nevagadziri. Bug inogona kugadziriswa nevagadziri nekukurumidza kana kupatsanurwa pakati pebhizinesi logic kodhi (Controller) uye mharidzo kodhi (Ona) yakapihwa. Isu tinoziva kuti Laravel anotevera iyo MVC dhizaini, saka kupatsanura kwakakosha.

Kugadziriswa kwezvinonyanya kunetsa zvehunyanzvi

Laravel chimiro chakachengeteka sezvo ichidzivirira iyo webhu application kubva kune ese kuchengetedza kusagadzikana. Kusagadzikana ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukuvandudza kwewebhu application. Sangano reAmerica OWASP Foundation, defiinobvisa kusasimba kukuru kwekuchengetedza senge SQL jekiseni, kukumbira forgery, scripting, zvichingodaro.

CRON: kuronga kwekugadzirisa uye manejimendi mabasa

WEB zvikumbiro zvinogara zvichida maitiro ekuronga basa kuronga nekuita mabasa nenguva. Semuenzaniso, nguva yekutumira maemail kune vanyoreri kana nguva yekuchenesa tafura yematafura pakupera kwezuva. Kuronga mabasa, vanogadzira vanofanirwa kugadzira iyo Cron yekupinda yebasa rega rega, uye Laravel command scheduler defikuraira kuronga kunopera.

Laravel kugadzirwa kweprojekiti

Kuti ugadzire yako yekutanga Laravel purojekiti, unofanirwa kuve neiyo Composer yakaiswa. Kana isipo pamushini wako, enderera nekuiisa sezvakatsanangurwa muchinyorwa chedu pamusoro munyori.

Mushure meizvozvo gadzira dhairekitori nyowani mune yako system yako nyowani Laravel purojekiti. Tevere, famba uchienda kugwara rawakagadzira dhairekitori idzva, uye mhanyisa gadzira purojekiti yekuraira composer create-projectnekunyora murairo unotevera:

composer create-project laravel/laravel myex-app

Uyu murairo (shanduro 9.x) inogadzira chirongwa chine zita myex-app

Kana kuti unogona kugadzira mapurojekiti matsva Laravel pasi rose kuisa installer ye Laravel nzira Composer:

composer global require laravel/installer
laravel new myex-app

Mushure mekugadzira purojekiti, tanga iyo yenharaunda Laravel yekuvandudza server uchishandisa murairo serve ofArtisan CLI ye Laravel:

php artisan serve

Mushure mekutanga sevha yekuvandudza Artisan, application yako inokwanisa kuwanikwa mubrowser yako pa http://localhost:8000. Zvino, wagadzirira kushandisa Laravel. Ehe, iwe ungangoda kuseta dhatabhesi.

Chimiro chekushandisa muLaravel

Iyo Laravel chimiro chakanyanya chimiro chemaforodha, maforodha madiki uye mafaera anosanganisirwa mupurojekiti. Kana purojekiti yangogadzirwa muLaravel, isu tinogona kuona chimiro chechishandiso sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo weLaravel mudzi folda:

Config

Iyo gadziriso folda inosanganisira zvigadziriso uye zvinosanganisirwa paramita, izvo zvinodiwa kuti Laravel application ishande nemazvo. Iwo akasiyana mafaera anosanganisirwa mune config folda akanyorwa mumufananidzo pazasi. Mazita emafaira anomiririra masikopu ekugadzirisa.

Database

Iri dhairekitori rinosanganisira akasiyana ma parameter ebasa re database. Inosanganisira matatu subdirectories:

Mbeu: ine makirasi anoshandiswa kune unit test database;
Kutama: iyi folda inoshandiswa kuchizvarwa uye kurongeka kweDB chimiro nechishandiso;
Mafekitori: Iyi folda inoshandiswa kugadzira nhamba yakakura yedata rekodhi.

ruzhinji rwevanhu

Ndiyo midzi folda iyo inobatsira kutanga iyo Laravel application, kureva kutanga kwekushandisa. Inosanganisira anotevera mafaera nemaforodha:

.htaccess: faira inopa iyo server configuration;
javascript uye css: ine ese mafaera ekushandisa eLaravel application;
index.php: faira inodiwa kutanga webhu application.

Resources

Iyo Resources dhairekitori ine mafaera anosimudzira iyo webhu application. Iwo ma subfolders anosanganisirwa mune ino dhairekitori uye chinangwa chavo:

assets: folda inosanganisira mafaira akadai LESS uye SCSS, ayo anodiwa kune chimiro chewebhu application;
lang: sanganisira gadziriro yekugara kana kuisa mukati;
maonero: ndiwo mafaera eHTML kana matemplate anodyidzana nevashandisi vekupedzisira uye anoita basa rekutanga muMVC kuvaka.

chengetedzo

Iri ndiro folda inochengeta matanda ese uye mafaera anodiwa kana chirongwa cheLaravel chiri kushanda. Pazasi pane madiki maforodha anosanganisirwa mudhairekitori uye chinangwa chavo -

app: iyi folda ine mafaera anodanwa achiteedzana;
framework: ine zvikamu, cache uye maonero anodanwa kazhinji;
Logs: Iine mafaera anoteedzera matambudziko enguva-yekumhanya, kunyanya ese akasiyana uye matanda ekukanganisa.

bvunzos

Yese mayuniti test makesi arimo mune ino dhairekitori. Mazita emakirasi ebvunzo ndee camel_case uye anotevera gungano rezita zvichienderana nekushanda kwekirasi.