Inqubo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomkhiqizo emisha

Inqubo yokuqamba uhlobo luhlobo lwezinto ezintsha eziholela ekwandeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasu nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa imikhiqizo.

Ngokwesigaba esihlongozwe ngusomnotho uJoseph Schumpeter, inqubo emisha ihlukaniswa ku:

1. Ukuqanjwa kabusha komkhiqizo isingeniso emakethe yomkhiqizo noma insizakalo entsha. Kungaba yinto emisha noma yokwengeza ngokuya ngomkhiqizo omusha noma ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo okhona. Umkhiqizo omusha (ikhompyutha) udala imakethe entsha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthuka komkhiqizo kungadala ingxenye entsha yemakethe (ithebhulethi) noma ukufaka esikhundleni futhi kunikeze imikhiqizo engaphambilini emakethe eyodwa yenkomba.
2. Ukuqalwa kwenqubo ukwethulwa kwenqubo entsha yokukhiqiza ekhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye / noma ukukhulisa umkhiqizo. Kungaba yinto emisha noma yokwengeza ngokuya ngokuthi ukuqamba okusha kufaka inqubo entsha yokukhiqiza noma ukuthuthuka kwenqubo yangaphambilini ekhona. Isibonelo sendlela entsha yokuqalwa kwezinto ukwethulwa komugqa womhlangano ekukhiqizweni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Ukuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungenye yezinto ezidala ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuncintisana. Ukwethulwa kwento entsha kungashintsha kakhulu ibhalansi yemakethe phakathi kwezinkampani kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha ezifanayo emphakathini.

Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyinqubo yenhlalo enamandla evame ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo zokuvuselela, njengezimpawu zomkhiqizo, amasu okuphatha ibhizinisi, amasu namathuluzi okumaketha, nezindlela zokuxhasa ngezimali imikhiqizo emisha. Lapho imikhiqizo emisha, izinsizakalo noma izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza nokuzisebenzisa zethulwa emakethe, sikhuluma ngokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kungaba defikuchazwa njengomsebenzi owenziwe ngamabomu wezinkampani nezikhungo okuhloswe ngawo ukwethula imikhiqizo emisha nezinsizakalo ezintsha, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa nokuzisebenzisa. Ngamanye amazwi, wukuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwenqubo yokudala imikhiqizo ethile, izinsizakalo kanye nobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokwanda kolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe nesayensi.

Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuthinta ukwenziwa ngcono kobuchwepheshe obukhona noma izenzakalo zenqubo, ngobuchwepheshe obusha obuthatha indawo yalabo obudala noma obungafanele. Ezinye izibonelo zokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe zifaka amakhompyutha, ama-smartphones, ama-microchips, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, nokunye okuningi.

Ercole Palmeri