Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 6 minti
A cewar Hans Moravic , mai suna Moravic Paradox , Robots za su kasance masu hankali ko za su zarce basirar ɗan adam nan da shekara ta 2040, kuma a ƙarshe, a matsayin nau'in da ke da rinjaye, za su adana mu kawai a matsayin gidan kayan tarihi mai rai don girmama nau'in da ya haifar da su. .
Mafi kyawun ra'ayi shi ne cewa basirar ɗan adam, haɗe tare da ɗan ƙaramin abin da muka sani game da sani, motsin rai, da namu launin toka, ya zama na musamman.
Don haka yayin da fasaha da kumawucin gadi ya inganta kuma ya inganta, bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu bincika wasu batutuwa kan yadda yanke shawara na ɗan adam ya bambanta da na'ura.
Abubuwan son zuciya suna da ƙarfi, kuma maganganun ƙiyayya suna ba da shawarar cewa hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don gwada tasirin “marasa kyau” da rashin hankali sun kasa yin la’akari da abubuwa masu yawa na gaske na ainihi.
Idan muka yi la'akari da dabaru ko yanke shawara masu mahimmanci, waɗanda aka ɗauka a cikin matsanancin rashin tabbas, kuma ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa, akwai sauye-sauye masu ruɗani marasa iyaka waɗanda suka fi ƙarfinmu.
Wannan yana fara kawo tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa da yawa…
Gary Klein , Gerd Gigerenzer , Phil Rosenzweig wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa waɗannan abubuwan da suka sa mu ɗan adam suna riƙe da sirrin yadda muke yanke shawara mai rikitarwa, masu tasiri sosai a cikin yanayi mai sauri, ƙarancin bayanai.
A bayyane yake, akwai jifa mai ƙarfi inda duka sansanonin biyu suka yarda. A cikin hira ta 2010 , Kahneman da Klein sun yi jayayya da ra'ayi biyu:
Kwakwalwarmu tana inganta amfani da makamashi. Suna cinyewa kusan 20% na makamashin da muke samarwa a rana (da kuma tunanin cewa Aristotle yana tunanin cewa aikin farko na kwakwalwa shine kawai radiator don kiyaye zuciya daga zafi).
Daga can, amfani da makamashi a cikin kwakwalwa shine akwatin baƙar fata, amma bincike ya nuna, a gaba ɗaya, ayyukan da ke buƙatar ƙarin aiki, irin su warware matsaloli masu rikitarwa, yanke shawara, da ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, suna yin amfani da makamashi fiye da ayyukan da suka fi dacewa. ko atomatik, kamar numfashi da narkewa.
Yana yin haka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar tsarin abin da Daniel Kahneman ya kira "tunani" tsarin 1 “. Waɗannan sifofi suna amfani da “gajerun hanyoyin” (heuristics) don yin shawarwari masu inganci masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke da alama suna da hankali amma sun dogara ne akan tushen ayyuka na hankali. Lokacin da muka ɗaukaka yanke shawara waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin ikon fahimta, Kahneman ya kira wannan tunanin " tsarin 2".
Tun daga littafin Kahneman Tunani, Mai sauri kuma a hankali sanannen sanannen mai siyar da New York Times ne, son zuciya da ilimin kimiya na lalata yanke shawara - yawancin tunani yana da lahani a cikin hukuncin ɗan adam.
Akwai takaddama game da son zuciya da samfurin heuristic da Kahneman da Amos Tversky suka gabatar, kuma yana da mahimmancin gaskiyar cewa an gudanar da karatunsu cikin sarrafawa, yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da yanke shawara da ke da takamaiman sakamako (saɓanin sau da yawa). hadaddun, yanke shawara da muke yankewa a rayuwa da aiki).
Waɗannan batutuwa sun faɗi gabaɗaya a cikin tsarin yanke shawara na muhalli-hankali da na halitta (NDM). A taƙaice, gabaɗaya suna jayayya iri ɗaya: ’yan Adam, masu ɗauke da waɗannan ƙwararru, galibi suna dogara ga yanke shawara ta tushen amincewa. Gane alamu a cikin abubuwan da muka samu yana taimaka mana yanke shawara cikin sauri da inganci a cikin waɗannan yanayi masu haɗari da rashin tabbas.
’Yan Adam sun yi kyau wajen fitar da bayanai kadan zuwa samfuri don yanke shawara bisa la’akari da abubuwan da muka samu – ko hukuncin da muka yanke, da nasu, na da ma’ana – muna da wannan ikon tsarawa.
Kamar yadda wanda ya kafa Mai zurfin tunani, Demis Hassabis, a wata hira tare da Lex Friedman, yayin da waɗannan tsare-tsare masu hankali ke daɗa wayo, yana samun sauƙin fahimtar abin da ke sa fahimtar ɗan adam ya bambanta.
Da alama akwai wani abu mai zurfi game da sha'awarmu don fahimtar abin " perché ", gane ma'ana, yi aiki tare da yanke hukunci, ƙarfafawa kuma watakila mafi mahimmanci, haɗa kai a matsayin ƙungiya.
“Hankali na ɗan adam ya kasance daga waje, ba a cikin kwakwalwar ku ba amma a cikin wayewar ku. Yi la'akari da daidaikun mutane a matsayin kayan aiki, waɗanda kwakwalensu su ne nau'ikan tsarin fahimi da yawa fiye da kansu, tsarin da ke inganta kansa kuma ya daɗe. -Erik J. Larson Tatsuniyar Hankali na Artificial: Me yasa Kwamfuta ba za su iya Tunani Kamar Mu ba
Yayin da shekaru 50 da suka gabata sun sami babban ci gaba a fahimtar yadda muke yanke shawara, yana iya zama hankali na wucin gadi, ta hanyar iyakokinsa, wanda ya buɗe ƙarin game da ikon fahimtar ɗan adam.
Ko kuma bil'adama za su zama Tamagotchi na ma'aikatanmu na robot…
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