GitHub menene kuma yadda ake amfani dashi

GitHub wani yanki ne na software wanda ƙungiyoyin haɓaka software ke amfani da su sosai, don sarrafa sigar haɓakawa.

Yana da amfani lokacin da fiye da mutum ɗaya ke aiki akan wani aiki.

Misali, a ce ƙungiyar masu haɓaka software suna son gina gidan yanar gizon kuma duk suna buƙatar sabunta lambar, lokaci guda, yayin aiki akan aikin. A wannan yanayin, Github yana taimakawa ƙirƙirar wurin ajiyar wuri inda kowa zai iya lodawa, gyara, da sarrafa fayilolin lambar shirin.

Kafin ka fara amfani da GitHub, kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar lissafi GitHub.

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Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da wurin ajiya don tsara aikin software na aikace-aikace. Ma'ajiyar ajiya na iya ƙunsar manyan fayiloli da fayiloli, hotuna, bidiyoyi, maƙunsar bayanai da saiti - duk abin da aikin ku ke buƙata. Sau da yawa ma'ajiya sun haɗa da fayil na README, fayil tare da bayani game da aikin ku.

An rubuta fayilolin README a cikin yaren Markdown a cikin rubutu mai haske. Kuna iya tuntuɓar wannan shafin yanar gizo a matsayin saurin tunani na yaren Markdown. GitHub yana ba ku damar ƙara fayil ɗin README a daidai lokacin da kuka ƙirƙiri sabon ma'ajiyar ku. GitHub kuma yana ba da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka gama gari kamar fayil ɗin lasisi, amma ba kwa buƙatar zaɓar kowane da farko.

Don ƙirƙirar sabon wurin ajiya, a saman dama zaɓi a cikin menu New repository. Ci gaba da matakai masu zuwa:

1. A cikin kusurwar dama ta sama na kowane shafi, yi amfani da menu mai saukewa kuma zaɓi New repository.

1. A cikin Akwatin Sunan Ma'aji, shigar first-repository.
2. A cikin akwatin Bayani, rubuta taƙaitaccen bayanin.
3. Zaɓi Ƙara fayil na README.
4. Zaɓi ko ma'ajin ku zai zama na jama'a ko na sirri.
5. Danna kan Create repository.

Ƙirƙirar reshe

Ƙirƙirar reshe yana ba ku damar samun nau'ikan ma'ajin ajiya da yawa a lokaci guda.

Ta hanyar tsohodefinita, wurin ajiya first-repository yana da reshe mai suna main wanda ake la'akari da reshe defim. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar ƙarin rassa zuwa babba a cikin ma'ajiyar first-repository. Kuna iya amfani da rassa don samun nau'ikan aikin daban-daban a lokaci guda. Wannan yana da amfani lokacin da kake son ƙara sabon ayyuka zuwa aiki ba tare da canza babban lambar tushe ba. Ayyukan da aka yi akan rassa daban-daban ba za su bayyana a kan babban reshen ba har sai kun haɗa shi. Kuna iya amfani da rassan don gwadawa da yin canje-canje kafin sanya su zuwa babba.

Lokacin da ka ƙirƙiri reshe daga babban reshe, kana yin kwafi, ko hoto, na ainihi kamar yadda yake a lokacin. Idan wani ya yi canje-canje ga babban reshe yayin da kuke aiki a reshen ku, kuna iya tura waɗannan sabuntawar.

A cikin zane mai zuwa za mu iya gani:

Babban reshe
Wani sabon reshe da ake kira feature
Hanyar da ta feature yana yin kafin a haɗa shi da babba

Ƙirƙirar reshe don sabon aiwatarwa ko gyaran kwaro kamar adana fayil ne. Tare da GitHub, masu haɓaka software suna amfani da rassa don ci gaba da gyare-gyaren kwaro, da fasalin aiki, daban da babban reshen samarwa. Lokacin da aka shirya canji, an haɗa shi cikin babban reshe.

Mu kirkiro reshe

Bayan ƙirƙirar ma'ajiyar mu, matsa zuwa shafin <>Code(1) na ma'ajiya:

Danna babban menu na kasa (2), sannan ka ba sabon suna suna branch (3)

Danna kan Create branch: first branch from 'main'

Yanzu muna da biyu branch, main e first-branch. A yanzu haka, suna kama da juna. Daga baya za mu ƙara canje-canje zuwa sabon branch.

Yi kuma tabbatar da canje-canje

Kawai ƙirƙirar sabon branch, GitHub ya kawo ku zuwa ga code page ga sabo first-branch, wanda shine kwafin main.

Za mu iya yin da adana canje-canje zuwa fayiloli a cikin ma'ajiyar. A kan GitHub, ana kiran canje-canje da aka adana commit. Kowane commit yana da sako daga commit hade, wanda shine bayanin da ke bayyana dalilin da yasa aka yi wani canji na musamman. Sakonni na commit suna ɗaukar tarihin canje-canje don sauran masu ba da gudummawa su fahimci abin da aka yi da kuma dalilin da ya sa.

Karkashin reshe first-branch ƙirƙira, danna kan fayil ɗin README.md, sannan akan fensir don gyara fayil ɗin.

A cikin editan, rubuta ta amfani da Markdown.

A cikin akwatin Commit changes (Preview), muna rubuta saƙon commit bayyana canje-canje.

A ƙarshe danna maɓallin Commit changes.

Waɗannan canje-canjen za a yi su ne kawai ga fayil ɗin README first-branch, don haka yanzu wannan reshe ya ƙunshi abubuwa daban-daban fiye da na babba.

Buɗe ɗaya pull request

Yanzu da muna da canje-canje a cikin reshe daga babban, za mu iya buɗe ɗaya pull request.

Le pull request su ne zuciyar haɗin gwiwar akan GitHub. Lokacin da ka bude a pull request, kuna ba da shawarar canje-canjenku kuma kuna neman wani ya yi a review e pull na gudunmawar ku da kuma haɗa su a cikin reshen su. The pull request nuna bambance-bambancen abubuwan da ke cikin sassan biyu. Ana nuna canje-canje, ƙari da ragi a launuka daban-daban.

Da zaran kun yi alƙawari, za ku iya buɗe buƙatun ja da fara tattaunawa, tun ma kafin a gama lambar.

Amfani da aikin @mention na GitHub a cikin sakon ku na pull request, Kuna iya tambayar takamaiman mutane ko ƙungiyoyi don amsawa, ba tare da la'akari da wurinsu ba.

Kuna iya ma budewa pull request a cikin ma'ajiyar ku kuma ku haɗa su da kanku. Hanya ce mai kyau don koyon rafin GitHub kafin yin aiki akan manyan ayyuka.

Don yin daya pull request sai ka:

• Danna kan shafin pull request na ma'ajiyar ku first-repository.

• Danna kan New pull request
• A cikin akwatin Example Comparisons, zaɓi reshen da kuka ƙirƙira, first-branch, don kwatanta shi da babba (na asali).
• Yi nazarin canje-canjenku a cikin bambance-bambancen da ke kan Shafin Kwatanta, tabbatar da su ne waɗanda kuke son ƙaddamarwa.

• Danna kan Create pull request.

• Ka ba naka lakabi pull request rubuta taƙaitaccen bayanin canje-canjenku. Kuna iya haɗawa da emojis da ja da sauke hotuna da gifs.

• Zabi, zuwa dama na take da bayanin, danna kusa da Masu dubawa. Masu karɓa, Lakabi, Ayyuka ko Mahimmanci don ƙara kowane ɗayan waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka zuwa naku pull request. Ba kwa buƙatar ƙara su tukuna, amma waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka suna ba da hanyoyi da yawa don haɗa kai ta amfani da naku pull request.
• Danna kan Create pull request.

Masu haɗin gwiwar ku yanzu za su iya sake duba canje-canjenku kuma su ba da shawarwari.

Haɗa naku pull request

A wannan mataki na ƙarshe, zaku haɗa reshen ku first-branch a babban reshe. Bayan hadewar pull request, canje-canje ga reshe first-branch za a saka a cikin babban fayil ɗin.

Wani lokaci, buƙatun ja na iya gabatar da canje-canjen lamba waɗanda ke cin karo da lambar da ke akwai akan babba. Idan akwai wasu rikice-rikice, GitHub zai gargaɗe ku game da lambar mai cin karo da juna kuma ya hana haɗuwa har sai an warware rikice-rikice. Kuna iya yin alƙawarin da zai warware rikice-rikice ko amfani da sharhi a cikin buƙatun ja don tattauna rikice-rikice tare da membobin ƙungiyar ku.

• Danna kan Merge pull request don haɗa canje-canje zuwa babba.

• Danna kan Confirm merge. Za ku sami saƙo cewa an yi nasarar haɗa buƙatun kuma an rufe buƙatar.
• Danna kan Delete branch. Yanzu ku richiesta pull an hade kuma canje-canjenku suna kan babban, zaku iya share reshe cikin aminci first-branch. Idan kuna son yin ƙarin canje-canje ga aikin ku, koyaushe kuna iya ƙirƙirar sabon reshe kuma ku maimaita wannan tsari.

Ercole Palmeri