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Ƙirƙirar Ra'ayoyi: ƙa'idodi don warware sabani na fasaha

Binciken dubban haƙƙin mallaka ya jagoranci Genrich Altshuller zuwa ƙarshen tarihi.

Sabbin ra'ayoyin, tare da sabani na fasaha masu alaƙa, ana iya warware su tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi na asali, ba tare da la'akari da ɓangaren samfur ba.

Bari mu ga a cikin wannan labarin yadda za mu iya tsara sabbin dabaru tare da tsari mai tsari.

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 7 minti

Sabbin Ra'ayoyin da TRIZ

TRIZ na zamani yana bayyana 40 ƙa'idodin ƙirƙira, daga inda za a fara ƙirƙirar sabbin dabaru. Bari mu ga wasu misalai a kasa:

11. Ma'auni na rigakafi: jira hanyoyin gaggawa
13. Kawai akasin haka: mayar da aikin don magance matsalar
18. Mechanical vibrations / oscillation
22. Mayar da illolin cutarwa zuwa ga fa'ida, watau canza illolin da za su iya zama dama
27. Sauya abu mai tsada da kwafi mai rahusa
28. Sauya tsarin injiniyan, misali sauya tsarin injiniya tare da tsarin kuzari mara iyaka
35. Canji na zahiri da sinadarai Properties, jiki yanayi, yawa ko wani
38: Accelerated hadawan abu da iskar shaka, misali maye gurbin talakawa iska da oxygen wadatar iska

Hanyar TRIZ

Dangane da hanyar TRIZ, aikace-aikacen ka'idodin asali guda 40 yana bin hanyar da matrix ɗin ya bayyana wanda ake kira tebur sabani, wanda ya ƙunshi layuka 39 da ginshiƙai 39. Lambar 39 tana wakiltar adadin sigogin injiniya waɗanda ke nuna sabani na fasaha. A ƙasa na lissafa mafi mahimmancin halayen tsarin fasaha:

Mass, tsayi, girma.
Dogara.
Gudu.
Zazzabi.
Asarar kayan abu.
Daidaiton aunawa.
Daidaitawar masana'anta.
sauƙin amfani; da dai sauransu.

Waɗannan sigogin da ke cikin tebur suna wakiltar kadarorin saɓani na fasaha kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙira da siffanta sabani, ragewa ko soke ta ta bin daidaitaccen tsari, misali:

Gudun gudu, sabanin da ke tasowa daga saurin yana fuskantar aminci
Mass, sabanin da ke tasowa daga taro, yana fuskantar karfi
Zazzabi, sabanin da ke tasowa daga zafin jiki, yana fuskantar ma'aunin ma'auni
da dai sauransu.

Ka'idodin ƙirƙira da ke ƙarƙashin sabbin dabaru

Sakamakon nazarin dubban haƙƙin mallaka, tebur yana nuna ƙa'idodin ƙirƙira waɗanda ke warware ƙa'idodin fasaha na sabani. Ko da ba duk sel na teburin cin karo da juna ke cika ciki ba, matrix ɗin yana bayyana mafita don fiye da nau'ikan sabani na fasaha sama da 1200, yana rage binciken zuwa mafi dacewa mafita.

Matrix yana ba da wata hanya ta yadda za a zaɓi mafi kyawun ka'idoji don magance takamaiman takaddama na fasaha, don rage tsarin gwaji, gwaji, kuskure ... a cikin amfani da duk ka'idodin 40.
Tun farkon saitin matrix, an yi amfani da sabuntawa da yawa

Ƙara / rage adadin layuka ko ginshiƙai,
Canza lakabi na sigogin fasaha 39,
Inganta abun cikin tantanin halitta, da cika sel mara komai,
Keɓance matrix: kowa zai iya sake ƙirƙira matrix bisa ga kwarewarsu,
Gwaje-gwajen lissafi, har zuwa zaɓin bazuwar ƙwayoyin matrix da sauransu.

Ko da yake da yawa daga cikin waɗannan yunƙurin an yi su ne da kyakkyawar niyya, a zahiri ba su ba da gudummawa sosai ba wajen inganta hanyar TRIZ, ko dai a zahiri ko a zahiri. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ko da mafi kyawun gyare-gyare ga matrix ba zai bada garantin maganin matsala mai wuyar gaske ba. Tabbas Matrix ba shi da mahimmanci, amma ka'idodin suna da mahimmanci don magance matsaloli. Su ne babban kayan aiki don inganta fasaha na fasaha, da kuma kokarin magance matsalar a cikin yanayi masu rikitarwa.

Ɗaya daga cikin shawarwarin da za a iya ba wa waɗanda suka riga sun kusanci TRIZ shine yin amfani da matrix da ke ƙoƙarin yin nazarin sabani daban-daban, neman jerin hanyoyi masu dacewa tare da ka'idodin da aka ba da shawarar, sannan amfani da waɗannan ka'idodin da aka ba da shawarar fiye da sau ɗaya. . Daidaitaccen aikace-aikacen matrix shine kawai wannan, wanda ke farawa daga ƙananan ka'idoji da amfani da su sau da yawa, alal misali ƙa'idar sau 35 8, ƙa'ida sau 5 5 da lamba sau 19 3 da sauransu.

A kowane hali wannan tsarin yana taimakawa wajen fahimta da kuma rubuta duk hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su, sabani a cikin tsarin wanda zai iya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga bincike na matsala.

Misalai guda biyu

A cikin motoci, motsi a cikin gudu fiye da 60 km / h, muna fuskantar haɗarin haɗari masu haɗari da lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewar tayoyin. Don haka ƙirar ƙirƙira na babban aikin mota mai saurin aiki yana tsara sabani na fasaha da ke cikin tebur (layi na 9) tare da dalilai mara kyau akan dogaro (shafi na 27). Duban mahadar layin 9 da shafi na 27, zamu sami mafita a cikin tsari mai zuwa na fifiko: 11, 35, 27, 28 (duba hoto). Bisa ga ka'idar 11, rashin isasshen aminci dole ne a biya shi ta hanyar shigar da kayan rigakafin lalacewa. Wata hanyar da za a iya warwarewa ita ce gyara diski na karfe a bayan kowace ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa, wanda idan ya faru da lalacewar tayoyin, yana ajiye motar a matsayi mafi kyau, don haka rage haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani (US Pat. 2879821).
Wani misali na ka'idar no. 11 za mu iya samun shi a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna. Magungunan barci suna rufe da fim na bakin ciki na wani abu mai mahimmanci. Ta wannan hanyar, idan an haɗiye ƙarin ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙaddamar da abubuwan emetic ya kai darajar kofa, yana haifar da amai.

Tambayoyi akai-akai

Menene TRIZ

TRIZ shi ne gagaratun Teorija Rešenija Izobretatel'skich Zadač na Rasha, wanda za a iya fassara shi zuwa Italiyanci a matsayin Theory for Inventive Solution of Problems.

Shin yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da hanyar TRIZ a cikin kamfanin?

Tabbas, ana iya amfani da hanyar TRIZ a cikin kamfanin don magance matsalolin fasaha da fasaha ta hanyar tsari da kimiyya. Hanyar TRIZ ta ƙunshi jerin kayan aikin da ke ba ku damar magance matsalolin fasaha da fasaha a cikin tsari da kimiyya.

Zan iya gabatar da sabbin dabaru tare da hanyar TRIZ a cikin kamfani?

Manufar ita ce a taimaki kamfanoni su tsara dabarun fasaha na dogon lokaci, don kiyaye fa'idar fa'ida ta yau da kullun da ke goyan bayan samfur na tsari da ƙirƙira.

Shin TRIZ tana ba ni damar rage farashi da ingantawa?

Ana iya amfani da hanyar TRIZ don inganta ayyukan samfurori da hanyoyin fasaha ta hanyar rage farashi da sharar gida ta hanyar haɓaka hanyar ganowa da kuma nazarin wata matsala ta musamman, abstraction ta a matsayin matsala na gaba ɗaya na ka'ida (injiniya sabani), da gano samfuran warware matsalar ta hanyar ka'idodin mafita na TRIZ, aikace-aikacen mafi kyawun mafita don magance matsalar farko.