Bari mu fara da yin bambance-bambance a kan nau'ikan hotuna na dijital sannan mu ga halayen sigar vector. Ainihin waɗannan na iya zama nau'i biyu: raster ko vector.
Suna ɗaukar sunan su daga kalmar Ingilishi "raster" wanda ke nufin grid. Haƙiƙa, a cikin zane-zane na raster, ko bitmaps, hoton yana ƙunshe da grid mai siffar murabba'i na maki mai suna pixels.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan pixels yana da takamaiman bayanin launi waɗanda tare suke ƙirƙirar takamaiman hoto. Bayanan martabar launi da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin hotunan bitmap shine RGB saboda ita ce bayanin martabar da katunan zane na kwamfuta ke amfani da shi don samar da hoton da kansa akan allon.
Mafi mahimmancin kadarorin hoton raster shine ƙuduri, wanda aka bayar ta adadin pixels ɗin da ke ƙunshe a cikin wani yanki na ma'auni. Inci Ingilishi (2,54 cm) da Dot Per Inch (DPI) ana amfani dashi azaman ma'auni. Mafi girman lambar da aka bayar ta wannan rabo, mafi girman ƙudurin hoton kuma saboda haka ingancin iri ɗaya.
Ana ɗaukar ƙuduri na 300 dpi a matsayin ma'auni mai kyau don bugu mai kyau, yayin da 72 dpi ya isa ga fuska don samun ingancin gani mai kyau.
Babu shakka rage girman hoton zai ƙara ƙudurinsa, da kuma faɗaɗa shi zai sami ƙaramin ƙuduri don samun abin da ake kira tasirin hatsi, wanda a cikinsa za a iya ganin murabba'i ɗaya, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoton da ke kan sakin layi. .
Hotunan vector sun sha bamban da zanen raster, haka ma hotuna. A gaskiya ma, yana dogara ne akan siffofi na geometric kamar layi, maki, masu lanƙwasa da polygons don samar da hoto kuma ana danganta wasu halaye na launi ko tasiri ga waɗannan siffofi.
Tunda hotunan vector sun ƙunshi siffofi na geometric, yana yiwuwa a faɗaɗa su a zahiri ba tare da rasa wani ƙuduri ba tunda siffofi iri ɗaya suna da ma'auni na lissafi a tushe.
Bambanci a cikin sararin faifai da ke shagaltar da shi wani babban bambanci ne: a zahiri, hotunan vector suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan fiye da na raster saboda bayanan da ke cikin hoton yana da ƙasa kaɗan, yana yin gyare-gyare har ma mafi sauƙi.
Wani mummunan al'amari, shine, ana buƙatar inji da software masu ƙarfi sosai don samun hotunan vector masu inganci da dalla-dalla, misali ya zama dole a yi a fagen zane na 3D. Ko a kalla a halin yanzu na fasaha.
Tsarin vector, idan aka kwatanta da na raster, yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
Wannan zane ne mara iyaka: kamar yadda aka ambata ƙuduri ne mai zaman kansa; wannan yana nufin sifofin da aka samar da lissafi ana sake kirgawa duk lokacin da kuka zuƙowa ko waje.
Launukan fayilolin vector sune gyarawa da sauri da sauƙi; kawai zaɓi wani siffa ko layin da za a je a canza launin da aka sanya masa, kuma yana yiwuwa a canza daga bayanin martaba zuwa wani, misali daga RGB zuwa Pantone.
Kuna iya aiki akan irin waɗannan hotuna ta hanyar gani abinci gefe kawai; zaka iya kunna cikawa cikin sauƙi da kashewa don duk abubuwan da suka haɗa hoton don nuna gefuna kawai. Wannan nau'in hangen nesa ne mai mahimmanci saboda yana ba ku damar gano abubuwan ɓoye kuma yana ba ku damar tsara jagororin kayan aikin da ke yin yankewa da zane-zane.
Hotunan dijital a tsarin vector ana siffanta su musamman kari kuma idan za mu yi aiki da irin waɗannan hotuna mu tabbatar mun adana irin wannan fayil ɗin.
Mafi mahimmancin tsarin hoton vector sune:
Bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan hoto guda biyu yana nufin cewa kowane tsari ya fi dacewa da takamaiman manufa. A wannan yanayin, fayilolin vector saboda halayen su, suna da yawa dace da bugu.
Da farko suna da amfani sosai a cikin fasaha zane, misali a CAD da injiniyanci.
Amma kuma tsari ne mai kima amfani da masu zanen hoto don tambarin halitta da kuma haɗe-haɗe da zane-zane saboda waɗannan abubuwa ne waɗanda za a iya amfani da su duka a kan katin kasuwanci da kuma a kan babban allo. Amma irin wannan tsarin ya dace da duk wani aiki da za a buga a kan ƙasidu, filaye, allunan talla ko gumaka don software.
Ercole Palmeri
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