Harin macro lamari ne na allurar code mara kyau, hari na tushen rubutun wanda yazo a matsayin umarni macro a cikin fayil ɗin da alama mai aminci. Hackers suna aiwatar da waɗannan hare-hare ta hanyar shigar da rubutun zazzagewar malware (mafi yawan lokuta) cikin takaddun da ke tallafawa macros. Aikace-aikacen ɓarna na macros ya dogara ne akan raunin dan Adam na jahilci da rashin kulawa . Akwai halaye da yawa na hare-haren macro da ke sanya su haɗari musamman. Duk da haka, akwai kuma ingantattun hanyoyin magance irin wadannan hare-hare.
Macros umarni ne da ake amfani da su a aikace-aikace da yawa don sarrafa ayyukan yau da kullun da kuma fadada kewayon amfani da shirin sosai.
Akwai ayyuka da yawa da zaku iya yi akan bayanai a cikin Excel. Ta hanyar ƙirƙira da gudanar da macro, zaku iya jera jerin umarni don bayyana hanya akai-akai akai-akai da yin su ba tare da wahala ba, adana lokaci mai yawa. Macros yana ba ku damar jagorantar albarkatun waje don nazarin bayanai daga wasu fayiloli akan kwamfutarka ko ma hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa don zazzage abubuwa daga sabar mai nisa.
Macro Virus
?Hanya mafi sauƙi don gudanar da harin macro shine shigar da rubutun zazzagewa a cikin fayil mara lahani. Hacking na zamani ya fi so sace bayanai daga gare ku don sayar da su, ɓoye bayanan ku don karbar fansa o yi amfani da ƙarshen ƙarshen ku ta wasu hanyoyi don amfaninsu. Duk waɗannan al'amuran sun haɗa da allurar software na waje a cikin tsarin. Kuma macros suna da kyau a wannan.
Hare-haren macro na damun kungiyoyin tsaro, saboda suna da wasu kadarori da ke sa su wahalar ganowa da kuma wahalar hana yaduwa.
Hare-haren macro suna amfani da watakila mafi haɗari mafi haɗari a cikin tsaro ta yanar gizo: mai amfani da ɗan adam. Rashin ilimin kwamfuta da rashin kulawa ya sa masu amfani a manufa mai sauki ga hackers da ƙyale masu laifi su yi tsammanin aiwatar da masu amfani da fakitin su na mugunta. Masu laifi dole ne su yaudari masu amfani sau biyu : da farko don sanya su zazzage fayil tare da macros sannan kuma don shawo kansu su ba da izinin aiwatar da macros. Akwai dabaru iri-iri da masu kutse za su iya amfani da su, amma galibinsu iri daya ne da yawancin kamfen na yada labaran karya da malware.
Idan kuna son gudanar da macros a cikin nau'ikan Excel na yanzu, kuna buƙatar adana fayil ɗin Excel azaman littafin aikin macro-enabled. Excel yana gane littattafan aiki masu kunna macro ta hanyar tsawo na fayil na .xlsm (maimakon .xlsx na yau da kullun).
Don haka, idan kun ƙara macro zuwa daidaitaccen littafin aiki na Excel kuma kuna son ku sami damar gudanar da wannan macro duk lokacin da kuka shiga littafin aikin, kuna buƙatar adana shi tare da tsawo na .xlsm.
Don yin wannan, zaɓi Ajiye As daga shafin “Fayil” na Ribbon Excel. Excel zai nuna allon "Ajiye As" ko akwatin maganganu "Ajiye As".
Saita nau'in fayil ɗin zuwa "Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook" sannan danna maɓallin Salva .
Fayil na Excel daban-daban suna bayyana lokacin da littafin aiki ya ƙunshi macros, don haka wannan a cikin kansa ma'aunin tsaro ne mai amfani. Koyaya, Excel yana ba da saitunan tsaro na zaɓi na zaɓi, waɗanda za'a iya sarrafa su ta menu na zaɓi.
Saitunan tsaro na macro guda huɗu:
Idan kun zaɓi saitin na biyu, "Kashe duk macros tare da sanarwa“, lokacin da ka buɗe littafin aiki wanda ya ƙunshi macros, ana ba ka zaɓi don ƙyale macros suyi aiki. Ana gabatar muku da wannan zaɓin a cikin waƙar rawaya a saman maƙunsar bayanai, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:
Don haka, kawai kuna buƙatar danna wannan maɓallin idan kuna son barin macros suyi aiki.
Idan kuna son dubawa ko canza saitin tsaro na macro na Excel a cikin sigogin Excel na baya:
Lura: Lokacin da kuka canza saitin tsaro na macro na Excel, kuna buƙatar rufewa da sake kunna Excel don sabon saitin ya fara aiki.
Siffofin Excel na yanzu suna ba ku damar definish amintattun wurare, watau manyan fayiloli a kan kwamfutarka waɗanda Excel ta “amince”. Don haka, Excel yana barin macro cak na yau da kullun lokacin buɗe fayilolin da aka adana a waɗannan wuraren. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan an sanya fayil ɗin Excel a cikin amintaccen wuri, za a kunna macros a cikin wannan fayil ɗin, ba tare da la'akari da saitin tsaro na macro ba.
Microsoft yana da defined wasu amintattun hanyoyi kafindefinites, da aka jera a cikin saitin zaɓi Amintattun hanyoyi a cikin littafin aikin ku na Excel. Kuna iya samunsa ta hanyar matakai masu zuwa:
Idan kana so definish wurin da aka amince da ku, zaku iya yin haka kamar haka:
Hankali: Ba mu ba da shawarar sanya babban yanki na faifai ba, kamar gabaɗayan babban fayil na "Takardu", a cikin amintaccen wuri, saboda wannan yana jefa ku cikin haɗarin ba da izini ga macros daga tushen da ba a amince da su ba.
Ercole Palmeri
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