Artificial Intelligence: Ndi mitundu yanji yanzeru zopangira zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Nzeru zopangapanga zakhala zenizeni, ndipo ndi gawo la moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. 

Makampani omwe amapanga makina anzeru osiyanasiyana mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopangira akusintha magawo abizinesi.

M'nkhaniyi tiwona malingaliro oyambira anzeru, mitundu ndi zitsanzo m'njira yosavuta komanso yachangu.

Kodi Artificial Intelligence ndi chiyani?

Theluntha lochita kupanga ndi njira yopangira makina anzeru kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri. Machitidwe amaphunzira kuchokera ku zomwe adaphunzira kale ndi zomwe adakumana nazo ndikuchita ntchito ngati za anthu. Imawongolera liwiro, kulondola komanso kuchita bwino kwa zoyesayesa za anthu. Artificial intelligence imagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ovuta komanso njira zopangira makina omwe amatha kupanga zisankho paokha. Kuphunzira makina ndi deep learning zimapanga maziko aluntha lochita kupanga. 

Artificial intelligence tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'mabizinesi onse:

• mayendedwe
• Thandizani sanitaria
• Bancario, PA
• Onani malonda
• Zosangalatsa
• E-malonda

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kuti luntha lochita kupanga ndi chiyani, tiyeni tiwone mitundu yosiyanasiyana yanzeru zopangira?

Mitundu yanzeru zopangira

Luntha lochita kupanga litha kugawidwa potengera kuthekera ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Pali mitundu itatu ya AI yotengera luso: 

• AI yopapatiza
• General AI
• Artificial superintelligence

Pansi pa mawonekedwe, tili ndi mitundu inayi ya Artificial Intelligence: 

• Makina othamanga
• Malingaliro ochepa
• Chiphunzitso cha maganizo
• Kudzidziwitsa

Choyamba, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya AI yotengera luso.

Luntha lochita kupanga lokhala ndi luso

Kodi intelligence yopapatiza yochita kupanga ndi chiyani?

AI yopapatiza, yomwe imatchedwanso AI yofooka, imayang'ana kwambiri ntchito yopapatiza ndipo siyitha kugwira ntchito mopitilira malire ake. Imayang'ana kagawo kakang'ono ka luso lachidziwitso ndi kupita patsogolo kudera lonselo. Ntchito zopapatiza za AI zikuchulukirachulukira m'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku pamene njira zikusintha kuphunzira makina ndi deep learning pitilizani kukula. 

• Apple Siri ndi chitsanzo cha AI yopapatiza yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi zochepa zomwe zisanachitikepodefitsiku. Siri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto ndi ntchito zomwe sangakwanitse. 

• Makompyuta apamwamba IBM Watson ndi chitsanzo china cha AI yopapatiza. Gwiritsani ntchito makompyuta anzeru, kuphunzira pamakina ndikukonza kwachilengedwe kukonza zambiri ndikuyankha mafunso anu. IBM Watson nthawi ina anaposa munthu wopikisana naye Ken Jennings kukhala ngwazi ya pulogalamu yotchuka yapa TV Jeopardy!. 

• Zitsanzo zambiri za Narrow AI kuphatikiza Google Translate, mapulogalamu ozindikira zithunzi, makina opangira, zosefera sipamu, ndi Google's page ranking algorithm.

Kodi general Artificial Intelligence ndi chiyani?

Artificial general intelligence, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti intelligence artificial intelligence, imatha kumvetsetsa ndi kuphunzira ntchito iliyonse yanzeru yomwe munthu angachite. Zimalola makina kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ndi luso pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, ofufuza a AI sanathe kukwaniritsa AI yamphamvu. Iwo amayenera kupeza njira yopangira makina kuzindikira pokonza luso lathunthu lachidziwitso. General AI adalandira ndalama zokwana $ 1 biliyoni kuchokera Microsoft ndondomeko OpenAI. 

• Fujitsu adamanga K computer, imodzi mwamakompyuta apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi imodzi mwamayesero ofunikira kuti tipeze luntha lochita kupanga. Zinatenga pafupifupi mphindi 40 kuti tiyerekeze sekondi imodzi yokha ya zochitika za ubongo. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kudziwa ngati AI yamphamvu itheka posachedwa.

• Tianhe-2 ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri opangidwa ndi China National Defense Technology University. Imakhala ndi ma cps (kuwerengera pa sekondi imodzi) yokhala ndi 33,86 petaflops (quadrillion cps). Ngakhale kuti zikumveka zosangalatsa, akuti ubongo wa munthu ukhoza kutulutsa kamodzi, ndiko kuti, macps biliyoni imodzi.

Kodi Super AI ndi chiyani?

Super AI imaposa nzeru zaumunthu ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito iliyonse bwino kuposa munthu. Lingaliro la intelligence yochita kupanga limawona luntha lochita kupanga likusintha kukhala lofanana kwambiri ndi malingaliro ndi zochitika za munthu kotero kuti limachita zambiri kuposa kungomvetsetsa; imadzutsanso malingaliro, zosowa, zikhulupiriro ndi zokhumba za munthu. Kukhalapo kwake kumangopekabe. Zina mwazofunikira za super AI zimaphatikizapo kuganiza, kuthetsa ma puzzles, kupanga ziganizo, ndikupanga zisankho zodziyimira pawokha.

Tsopano tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya AI yochokera ku mawonekedwe.

Luntha lochita kupanga

Kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machitidwe a Artificial Intelligence ndikofunikira kuwagawa malinga ndi ntchito zawo.

Kodi makina othamanga ndi chiyani?

Makina ochita pompopompo ndi mtundu woyamba wanzeru zopanga zomwe sizisunga kukumbukira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu kudziwa zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo. Zimangogwira ntchito ndi deta yomwe ilipo. Amazindikira dziko lapansi ndikuchitapo kanthu. Makina okhazikika amapatsidwa ntchito zapadera ndipo alibe mphamvu kuposa ntchitozo.

Deep Blue Dell 'IBM yemwe adagonjetsa chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov ndi makina ogwira ntchito omwe amawona zidutswa za chessboard ndikuchitapo kanthu. Deep Blue sangatchule chilichonse cha zokumana nazo zake zam'mbuyomu kapena kuwongolera poyeserera. Ikhoza kuzindikira zidutswa pa chessboard ndikudziwa momwe zimayendera. Deep Blue amatha kulosera zomwe zidzachitike kwa iye ndi mdani wake. Musanyalanyaze chilichonse chisanachitike ndipo yang'anani zidutswa za chessboard momwe zilili panthawiyi ndikusankha mayendedwe otsatira.

Kodi kukumbukira kochepa ndi chiyani?

Memory Memory AI yocheperako imaphunzitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zakale kuti apange zisankho. Chikumbukiro cha machitidwe oterowo sichikhalitsa. Angagwiritse ntchito deta yapitayi kwa nthawi yeniyeni, koma sangathe kuwonjezera ku laibulale ya zomwe adakumana nazo. Ukadaulo wamtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto odziyendetsa okha.

• Kukumbukira kochepa The AI ​​imawona momwe magalimoto ena amayendera mozungulira, pakadali pano komanso pakapita nthawi. 
• Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zomwe zikuchitikazi zimawonjezedwa kuzinthu zosasunthika zagalimoto ya AI, monga zolembera zamsewu ndi magetsi apamsewu. 
• Amawunikidwa pamene galimoto ikusankha nthawi yoti isinthe njira, kupewa kudula dalaivala wina kapena kugunda galimoto yapafupi. 

Mitsubishi Electric wakhala akuyesera kuti adziwe momwe angasinthire luso lamakono la ntchito monga magalimoto odziyendetsa okha.

Kodi chiphunzitso cha maganizo ndi chiyani?

Theory of mind intelligence Artificial Intelligence imayimira gulu laukadaulo wapamwamba ndipo limapezeka ngati lingaliro. AI yamtunduwu imafuna kumvetsetsa mozama kuti anthu ndi zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa chilengedwe zimatha kusintha malingaliro ndi machitidwe. Iyenera kumvetsetsa malingaliro, malingaliro ndi malingaliro a anthu. Ngakhale kuti zinthu zambiri zakonzedwa bwino pankhani imeneyi, luntha lochita kupanga limeneli silinathe.

• Chitsanzo chenicheni cha chiphunzitso cha intelligence intelligence of mind ndi Kismet. Kismet ndi mutu wa robot wopangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 ndi wofufuza kuchokera Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kismet akhoza kutsanzira maganizo a anthu ndi kuwazindikira. Maluso onsewa akuyimira kupita patsogolo kofunikira mu chiphunzitso chanzeru zopanga, koma Kismet sichingatsatire zopenya kapena kukopa chidwi cha anthu.

• Sophia di Hanson Robotics ndi chitsanzo china chomwe chiphunzitso cha nzeru zopangapanga zamaganizo chakhazikitsidwa. Makamera omwe ali m'maso mwa Sophia, kuphatikiza ndi ma aligorivimu apakompyuta, amamulola kuwona. Imatha kupitiliza kuyang'ana maso, kuzindikira anthu ndikutsata nkhope.

Kodi kudzidziwitsa nokha ndi chiyani?

Kudzidziwitsa AI kulipo mongopeka. Machitidwe otere amamvetsetsa zamkati mwawo, maiko ndi mikhalidwe yawo ndipo amawona malingaliro aumunthu. Makina amenewa adzakhala anzeru kwambiri kuposa maganizo a munthu. Mtundu uwu wa AI sudzatha kumvetsetsa ndikudzutsa malingaliro mwa omwe amalumikizana nawo, komanso adzakhala ndi malingaliro, zosowa ndi zikhulupiriro zake.

Nthambi zanzeru zopangira

Kafukufuku wanzeru zopangapanga apanga bwino njira zothanirana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pamasewera mpaka kuzindikira zamankhwala.

Pali nthambi zambiri zanzeru zopangira, iliyonse ili ndi malingaliro ake komanso njira zake. Zina mwa nthambi zofunika za intelligence zopanga zikuphatikizapo:

• Machine learning: imagwira ntchito yopanga ma algorithms omwe amatha kuphunzira kuchokera ku data. Ma algorithms a ML amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuzindikira zithunzi, kusefa sipamu, komanso kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe.
• Deep learning: Ndi nthambi yophunzirira pamakina yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maukonde opangira ma neural kuti adziwe zambiri. Ma algorithms a deep learning amathetsa bwino mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo NLP, kuzindikira zithunzi, ndi kuzindikira mawu.
• Kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe: kumakhudzana ndi kuyanjana pakati pa makompyuta ndi chilankhulo cha anthu. Njira za NLP zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumvetsetsa ndi kukonza chilankhulo cha anthu komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kumasulira kwamakina, kuzindikira mawu, ndi kusanthula mawu.
• Robotica: ndi gawo laumisiri lomwe limagwira ntchito yopanga, kumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti. Maloboti amatha kugwira ntchito zokha m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupanga, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi mayendedwe.
• Machitidwe a akatswiri: ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta opangidwa kuti atsanzire kulingalira ndi luso lopanga zisankho la akatswiri aumunthu. Machitidwe a akatswiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda achipatala, kukonza zachuma, ndi chithandizo cha makasitomala.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

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